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Vaughan's anti-protest bylaw makes people liable for fines of up to $100,000 for having participated in an offensive, yet peaceful, protest near some social infrastructure.

We at CCLA believe that this is unconstitutional. This is why, on June 24, 2025, we have initiated Charter litigation against this bylaw.

What Is the Issue?

Since 2024, numerous Ontario municipalities have adopted bylaws that prohibit peaceful protests near various community gathering spaces.

These anti-protest or “bubble zone” bylaws prohibit non-violent and non-threatening protests that some people find offensive or disruptive.

It is a deeply concerning trend.

Disruptive, non-violent protest is part and parcel of a vibrant functioning democracy.

And although freedom of expression and freedom of peaceful assembly have limits, any law restricting these key democratic rights must be necessary, targeted, minimally impairing and proportionate.

The bylaws that have been passed in Ontario to date do not meet these thresholds.

In CCLA’s view, they are unconstitutional.

In June 2025, CCLA commenced Charter litigation against a prime example of these “bubble zone” bylaws, that is Vaughan’s by-law number 143-2024.

Why It Matters

The declared purpose of Vaughan’s bylaw is to balance people’s rights to freedom of expression and freedom of peaceful assembly with the health, safety and well-being of Vaughan’s community members.

This is an important goal. But, in pursuing this objective, Vaughan’s bylaw punitively prohibits an extremely wide range of peaceful protest activities. It severely infringes upon freedom of expression, peaceful assembly, and association in a manner that is not justified in a free and democratic society.

We want to be clear: everyone in Canada is entitled to physical safety. In case of violence, threat to physical safety or incitement to violence, the police can and should consider using their authority to protect public safety. But the police already have broad powers to fulfill their mandate. They did not need a new bylaw.

In any case, the breadth of Vaughan’s bylaw shows that it is not really about protecting people’s physical safety or safe access to property.

This bylaw is about prohibiting peaceful protests because some people find them disruptive. It is about chilling and suppressing speech because some people find it offensive.

These limits strike at the heart of what it means to live in a free and democratic society.

CCLA's Response

If left unchecked, anti-protest bylaws like Vaughan’s will mark the beginning of a slippery slope that will erode people’s constitutionally protected right to use civic space to voice their thoughts, opinions and beliefs. This is why CCLA has launched a Charter challenge.

For over 60 years, we have fought for the fundamental rights and freedoms of everybody in Canada. We have a long track record of advocating against overly broad and vague restrictions on expression and peaceful assembly.

We know too well how punitive laws initially passed in the name of protecting vulnerable communities can easily be co-opted to suppress marginalized voices striving to challenge the status quo.

Take Action

Help us fight back against state censorship. 

If the police or bylaw enforcement officers have arrested you for peacefully protesting, we want to hear from you. 

If you care about people’s right to use their civic space to protest peacefully, consider donating to CCLA today. 

The Timeline

2025

June 24, 2025

CCLA launches Charter litigation against Vaughan’s bubble zone bylaw
Materials & Documents

Latest Updates

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CCLA on Toronto’s Proposed Bubble Zone Bylaw

TORONTO — On May 16, 2025, CCLA and the Centre for Free Expression sent a…
May 20, 2025

The Trouble With Toronto’s Proposed Bubble Zone Bylaw

The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms just celebrated its 43rd anniversary. On this occasion,…
April 19, 2025
Activists Protesting Peacefully in the street

Bubble Zone Bylaws: CCLA Writes to Toronto City Council to Raise Charter Concerns

TORONTO - The Canadian Civil Liberties Association just sent a letter to Toronto City Council…
April 1, 2025

CCLA Testifies on Bill C-70 Before Senate Standing Committee National Security, Defence, and Veterans Affairs

On June 10, 2024, Anaïs Bussières McNicoll, Director of the Fundamental Freedoms Program, and Shakir…
October 22, 2024

CCLA Calls on Universities to Ensure their Policies Respect Students’ Right to Peacefully Protest on Campus

Universities’ policies on protests should give an expansive and meaningful consideration to students’ fundamental rights…
September 10, 2024

CCLA Files its Submission to the Toronto Police Service Board on the Upcoming Policy on Police Action in Respect of Protests

The Board policy must acknowledge that the Toronto Police Service, as all state actors, has…
September 4, 2024

CCLA Reacts to the Ontario Superior Court of Justice’s Decision Ordering the Dismantlement of the Encampment Located on the University of Toronto’s Grounds

TORONTO — Anaïs Bussières McNicoll, Director of Fundamental Freedoms at the Canadian Civil Liberties Association, made the…
July 3, 2024

Universities Should Not Sue Their Students for Speaking Their Minds

TORONTO - Anaïs Bussières McNicoll, Director of Fundamental Freedoms at the Canadian Civil Liberties Association,…
July 2, 2024

Free Speech and Protest Rights: CCLA to Universities and Police Services: You Must Walk the Talk

On June 7, 2024, Anaïs Bussières McNicoll, director of the Fundamental Freedoms program and interim…
June 7, 2024

Free Speech and Protest Rights: CCLA Granted Leave to Intervene in the McGill University Injunction Proceeding

On June 4, 2024, Anaïs Bussières McNicoll, Director of the Fundamental Freedoms Program and Interim…
June 4, 2024

Free Speech and Protest Rights: CCLA Granted Leave to Intervene in the University of Toronto Injunction Proceeding

On June 4, 2024, Anaïs Bussières McNicoll, Director of the Fundamental Freedoms Program and Interim…
June 4, 2024

Free Speech and Protest Rights: CCLA Seeks Leave to Intervene in McGill University’s Injunction Proceedings against the Encampment on its Campus

On May 27, 2024, Anaïs Bussières McNicoll, Director of the Fundamental Freedoms Program and Interim…
May 28, 2024

CCLA Calls for Investigation into Edmonton Police

TORONTO — Anaïs Bussières McNicoll, Director of the Fundamental Freedoms Program of the Canadian Civil…
May 14, 2024

Student Protest Movement: CCLA Calls for an Investigation into Calgary Police’s Alleged Recent Conduct

TORONTO — Anaïs Bussières McNicoll, Director of the Fundamental Freedoms Program of the Canadian Civil…
May 11, 2024

Know Your Rights: Universities Should Continue to Acknowledge the Rights of Students to Express Themselves and to Protest Peacefully

Now more than ever, it is important for individuals to understand their rights when they…
May 8, 2024

Freedom of Peaceful Assembly and Freedom of Expression: CCLA Welcomes the Quebec Superior Court Decision Refusing to Order the Dismantlement of the McGill University Encampment

MONTREAL — Following the Quebec Superior Court’s dismissal of an injunction application seeking the dismantlement of…
May 2, 2024

Freedom of Expression, the Right to Protest, and Academic Freedom in a Time of Crisis

The Canadian Civil Liberties Association (CCLA) recognizes that in times of crisis, it is all…
November 11, 2023

CCLA Intervening in Tik Tok Injunction Appeal to Protect Space for Digital Activism

TikTok teens and duet fiends, take note. The CCLA is intervening in an Ontario court…
January 11, 2023

CCLA Moving Forward with Appeal of Nova Scotia Anti-Protest Injunction

The CCLA continues to work to ensure that governments do not overreach in exercising their…
April 8, 2022

CCLA Presents to the Standing Committee on Justice Policy on Bill 100 (Ontario)

Oral Submission to the Standing Committee on Justice Policy of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario…
April 7, 2022

Fear, Loathing and the Law: Pushing the Limits of Legislating “Good” Behaviour

CCLA Essay by Cara Zwibel, Director of Fundamental Freedoms and Brenda McPhail, Director of Privacy…
September 20, 2021

CCLA Seeks to Appeal Nova Scotia Anti-Protest Injunction

While the injunction is no longer in force in the province, we remain concerned about…
July 19, 2021

Nova Scotia Attempting to Avoid Public Scrutiny

The Canadian Civil Liberties Association (CCLA) is concerned the Government of Nova Scotia is attempting…
June 24, 2021

CCLA to Challenge Nova Scotia’s Protest Injunction

The Canadian Civil Liberties Association (CCLA) will challenge the Government of Nova Scotia’s exceptionally broad injunction limiting…
May 28, 2021

CCLA Taking Steps to Fight Nova Scotia’s Protest Injunction

The Canadian Civil Liberties Association (CCLA) is taking steps to fight an injunction obtained by…
May 18, 2021

Submissions Before Ontario Standing Committee on The Legislative Assembly re: Bill 254

When the Attorney General introduced these changes in the Assembly he framed them as putting…
March 30, 2021

Manitoba Law Society “Good Character” Process Undermines Truth and Reconciliation, Diversity and Equality

The Canadian Civil Liberties Association sent a brief to the Manitoba Law Society asking it…
March 17, 2021

CCLA to NB Speaker: Don’t Interfere with Protests on Legislative Grounds

Following concerning reports about the treatment of protesters during a demonstration at Parliament Square in…
March 2, 2021

Justice Vs. the G20: The Legacy that Shapes Protests Today

Protests at the G20 and G8 Summits in Toronto went onto become the largest in…
November 7, 2020

CCLA Statement of Support for Abortion Rights & LGBTQ+ Healthcare Now Protest

The role of the government is to protect the health of its citizens. It is…
August 27, 2020

A G20 Victory Ten Years In The Making

The Ontario Court of Appeal has handed down an important decision in a case that…
April 17, 2020

Physical Distancing Shouldn’t Preclude Public Dissent

Remember protest and dissent? It is hard to believe that just six weeks ago the…
April 3, 2020

Young Voices, Youth Activism, and Social Change

In these days of heavy-handed rhetoric from our leaders and political infighting, it is easy…
April 11, 2019
Activists Protesting Peacefully in the street

Student Walkouts: You’ve Got The Power, We’ve Got Your Back.

We are writing about the student walkout planned for Thursday, April 4, 2019, at public…
April 3, 2019

CCLA at The Supreme Court: When Can The Police Arrest You to ‘Protect’ You?

How far can police officers go when initiating a “protective” arrest? Can innocent protestors be…
March 21, 2019

March For Our Education

On Saturday July 21st, hundreds of people gathered at the March For Our Education event at Queen’s…
July 23, 2018

INCLO Report Release: Defending Dissent: State Practices that Protect and Promote the Right to Protest

INCLO and the IHRC launched a report today that provides practical guidance on how law enforcement…
June 27, 2018

Thousands Protest Against G7 Summit by National Assembly in Quebec City

Last weekend, protesters assembled in Quebec City to express their opinions on the G7 Summit…
June 13, 2018

CCLA Follows Up On YorkU Strike

The following letter was sent to Ms. Lucy Fromowitz on May 30, 2018.
June 1, 2018

CCLA Talks Right to Protest at University of Chicago Law School

Last week, CCLA’s Director of Public Safety, Rob De Luca, participated in consultation sessions with…
April 2, 2018

Yorku Protesters: You Have The Power. We Have Your Back (Survey)

I am writing to you about disturbing reports regarding the reported activities of security personnel…
March 27, 2018
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