{"id":9407,"date":"2024-04-23T09:56:14","date_gmt":"2024-04-23T13:56:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ccla.org\/?p=9407"},"modified":"2024-04-23T13:25:08","modified_gmt":"2024-04-23T17:25:08","slug":"freedom-of-association-scc-confirms-that-the-same-test-applies-to-positive-and-negative-rights-claims","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ccla.org\/fr\/communique-de-presse\/liberte-dassociation-le-csc-confirme-que-le-meme-test-sapplique-aux-droits-positifs-et-negatifs\/","title":{"rendered":"Libert\u00e9 d'association : le CSC confirme que le m\u00eame crit\u00e8re s'applique aux revendications positives et n\u00e9gatives en mati\u00e8re de droits"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Le 19 avril 2024, la Cour supr\u00eame du Canada a rendu sa d\u00e9cision dans l'affaire Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des casinos du Qu\u00e9bec c. Association des cadres de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des casinos de Qu\u00e9bec<\/em> affaire (2024 CSC 13). La CSC a \u00e9t\u00e9 appel\u00e9e \u00e0 examiner une disposition de la loi qu\u00e9b\u00e9coise Code du travail<\/em> qui exclut les gestionnaires de la d\u00e9finition d\u2019\u00ab employ\u00e9 \u00bb. La CSC devait d\u00e9cider si cette exclusion viole le droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 d'association prot\u00e9g\u00e9 par la Charte.<\/p>\n

L'une des questions cl\u00e9s de cet appel \u00e9tait de savoir si les travailleurs affirmant que leurs droits d'association ont \u00e9t\u00e9 viol\u00e9s par l'\u00c9tat doivent r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 un crit\u00e8re distinct et plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 lorsqu'ils recherchent une intervention positive de l'\u00c9tat au lieu d'une protection n\u00e9gative contre l'ing\u00e9rence de l'\u00c9tat. Les arguments de l'ACLC devant la CSC ont soulign\u00e9 \u00e0 quel point la distinction entre \u00ab droits positifs \u00bb et \u00ab droits n\u00e9gatifs \u00bb est illusoire dans les relations de n\u00e9gociation collective (et dans le droit en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral), \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que l'\u00c9tat fait toujours des choix d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9s lorsqu'il prescrit ce qui est requis, interdite ou autoris\u00e9e par la loi.<\/p>\n

La majorit\u00e9 des juges de la CSC ont confirm\u00e9 qu\u2019il n\u2019existe qu\u2019un seul crit\u00e8re pour \u00e9valuer une revendication relative \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 d\u2019association, que cette revendication soit fond\u00e9e sur de pr\u00e9tendus droits \u00ab positifs \u00bb ou \u00ab n\u00e9gatifs \u00bb. Le test applicable, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 en Dunmore c. Ontario (Procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral) <\/em>(2001 CSC 94), <\/em>exige que les tribunaux examinent (1) si l'activit\u00e9 entre dans le champ d'application de la libert\u00e9 d'association garantie par la Charte et (2) si l'action du gouvernement porte atteinte \u00e0 l'activit\u00e9 prot\u00e9g\u00e9e par la Charte dans son objet ou son effet.<\/p>\n

Appliquant la premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape du crit\u00e8re aux faits en cause, la majorit\u00e9 de la CSC a conclu que la demande de l'Association concernait effectivement des activit\u00e9s prot\u00e9g\u00e9es par l'art. 2d) de la Charte, comme le droit de former une association suffisamment ind\u00e9pendante de l'employeur, de faire des repr\u00e9sentations collectives \u00e0 l'employeur et de faire examiner ces repr\u00e9sentations de bonne foi.<\/p>\n

Cependant, la CSC a statu\u00e9 que la deuxi\u00e8me \u00e9tape du crit\u00e8re n'\u00e9tait pas satisfaite, puisque le but de l'exclusion l\u00e9gislative n'\u00e9tait pas de porter atteinte aux droits d'association des gestionnaires, mais plut\u00f4t (1) de faire une distinction entre la gestion et les op\u00e9rations dans les hi\u00e9rarchies organisationnelles (2 ) pour \u00e9viter de placer les gestionnaires dans une situation de conflit d'int\u00e9r\u00eats entre leur r\u00f4le d'employ\u00e9s dans la n\u00e9gociation collective et leur r\u00f4le de repr\u00e9sentants de l'employeur dans leurs responsabilit\u00e9s professionnelles, et (3) pour donner aux employeurs l'assurance que les gestionnaires repr\u00e9senteront leurs int\u00e9r\u00eats, tout en prot\u00e9geant les int\u00e9r\u00eats communs distinctifs des salari\u00e9s. La CSC a \u00e9galement conclu que l'Association n'avait pas r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 d\u00e9montrer que l'effet de l'exclusion l\u00e9gislative \u00e9tait de porter atteinte de mani\u00e8re substantielle aux droits de ses membres \u00e0 une n\u00e9gociation collective significative. En effet, les membres de l'Association ont pu s'associer et n\u00e9gocier collectivement avec leur employeur malgr\u00e9 l'exclusion l\u00e9gislative.<\/p>\n

L'ACLC est heureuse de constater que la CSC a r\u00e9affirm\u00e9 que les demandeurs exclus des r\u00e9gimes de n\u00e9gociation collective n'ont pas de fardeau juridique distinct et plus \u00e9lev\u00e9. Cependant, la d\u00e9cision de la CSC est d\u00e9cevante en pratique, car elle laisse entendre qu'il sera toujours difficile pour ces demandeurs d'\u00e9tablir une violation de leurs droits d'association.<\/p>\n

L'ACLC est reconnaissante pour l'excellent travail b\u00e9n\u00e9vole de Danielle Glatt et Catherine Fan (Paliare Roland) dans ce dossier.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t

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\u00c0 propos de l\u2019association canadienne sur les libert\u00e9s civiles<\/h3>\n
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L\u2019ACLC est un organisme ind\u00e9pendant \u00e0 but non lucratif qui compte des sympathisant.e.s dans tout le pays. Fond\u00e9 en 1964, c\u2019est un organisme qui \u0153uvre \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle du Canada \u00e0 la protection des droits et des libert\u00e9s civiles de toute sa population.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Pour les m\u00e9dias<\/h3>\n
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Pour d'autres commentaires, veuillez nous contacter \u00e0\u00a0media@ccla.org<\/u><\/a>.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Pour les mises \u00e0 jour en direct<\/h3>\n
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Veuillez continuer \u00e0 vous r\u00e9f\u00e9rer \u00e0\u00a0cette page<\/a>\u00a0et \u00e0 nos plateformes de m\u00e9dias sociaux. On est dessus\u00a0Instagram<\/u><\/a>,\u00a0Facebook<\/u><\/a>, Twitter<\/u><\/a> et Ciel bleu<\/u><\/a>.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t

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\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Le 19 avril 2024, la Cour supr\u00eame du Canada a rendu sa d\u00e9cision dans l'affaire Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des casinos du Qu\u00e9bec c. Association des cadres de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des casinos de Qu\u00e9bec...","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":4849,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[77,31,8],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-9407","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-freedoms-association","8":"category-fundamental-freedoms","9":"category-press-release"},"yoast_head":"\nFreedom of Association: SCC Confirms that the Same Test Applies to Positive and Negative Rights Claims - CCLA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ccla.org\/fr\/communique-de-presse\/liberte-dassociation-le-csc-confirme-que-le-meme-test-sapplique-aux-droits-positifs-et-negatifs\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_CA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Freedom of Association: SCC Confirms that the Same Test Applies to Positive and Negative Rights Claims - 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