{"id":5525,"date":"2021-04-01T18:46:54","date_gmt":"2021-04-01T18:46:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ccla.org\/?p=5525"},"modified":"2021-08-23T18:53:10","modified_gmt":"2021-08-23T18:53:10","slug":"ontario-governments-loss-in-the-court-of-appeal-is-a-victory-for-accountability","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ccla.org\/fr\/justice-penale\/ontario-governments-loss-in-the-court-of-appeal-is-a-victory-for-accountability\/","title":{"rendered":"La d\u00e9faite du gouvernement de l'Ontario devant la Cour d'appel est une victoire pour la responsabilit\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"
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1er avril 2021<\/p>\n

Une d\u00e9cision de la Cour d'appel de l'Ontario a accord\u00e9 une victoire aux d\u00e9fenseurs de la primaut\u00e9 du droit et de la responsabilit\u00e9 gouvernementale.<\/p>\n

Dans\u00a0Francis c. Ontario<\/a>, rendu public le 31 mars 2021, la Cour a \u00e9t\u00e9 invit\u00e9e \u00e0 examiner un appel d'une d\u00e9cision dans laquelle le gouvernement de l'Ontario a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 verser $30 millions de dommages-int\u00e9r\u00eats aux membres d'un recours collectif. Les membres du groupe \u00e9taient des personnes qui avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9es en isolement pr\u00e9ventif (isolement cellulaire) dans des \u00e9tablissements correctionnels de l'Ontario entre avril 2015 et septembre 2019 \u2013 en particulier celles atteintes d'une maladie mentale grave et celles plac\u00e9es \u00e0 l'isolement pendant plus de 15 jours cons\u00e9cutifs.<\/p>\n

Le minist\u00e8re public avait interjet\u00e9 appel de la d\u00e9cision du tribunal inf\u00e9rieur en faisant valoir qu'il n'y avait eu aucune violation des droits garantis par la Charte et aucune n\u00e9gligence du gouvernement. La Cour d'appel a rejet\u00e9 les deux arguments. La Cour a souscrit \u00e0 d'autres d\u00e9cisions de l'Ontario qui ont conclu que la pratique de l'isolement cellulaire est une violation de l'article 7 de la Charte (le droit \u00e0 la vie, \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 et \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de la personne, et le droit de ne pas l'\u00eatre sauf conform\u00e9ment aux principes de justice fondamentale) et l'article 12 de la Charte (le droit de ne pas \u00eatre soumis \u00e0 des peines cruelles et inusit\u00e9es).<\/p>\n

Sur la question de la n\u00e9gligence, la Couronne s'est fond\u00e9e en partie sur la Crown Liability and Proceedings Act (CLPA), une loi adopt\u00e9e en 2019 qui avait le potentiel d'\u00e9tendre consid\u00e9rablement la port\u00e9e de l'immunit\u00e9 de la Couronne. En vertu de la loi ant\u00e9rieure \u00e0 l'adoption de la CLPA, le gouvernement n'\u00e9tait pas responsable de n\u00e9gligence en mati\u00e8re de \u00ab\u00a0questions de politique\u00a0\u00bb mais pouvait \u00eatre tenu responsable de n\u00e9gligence en mati\u00e8re de \u00ab\u00a0mati\u00e8res op\u00e9rationnelles\u00a0\u00bb. En vertu de la CLPA, la m\u00eame r\u00e8gle s'appliquait, sauf que la d\u00e9finition de \u00ab\u00a0questions de politique\u00a0\u00bb dans la loi \u00e9tait exceptionnellement large et \u00e9liminait sans doute toute distinction significative entre la politique et le fonctionnement.<\/p>\n

L'ACLC \u00e9tait profond\u00e9ment pr\u00e9occup\u00e9e par cette loi lorsqu'elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 introduite, car elle risquait de compromettre s\u00e9rieusement les tentatives valables de tenir le gouvernement responsable des torts commis par le biais de poursuites civiles. Nous sommes intervenus dans des cas o\u00f9 les tribunaux ont \u00e9t\u00e9 invit\u00e9s \u00e0 l'interpr\u00e9ter. Dans\u00a0Leroux c. Ontario<\/a>, une d\u00e9cision r\u00e9cente de la Cour divisionnaire de l'Ontario, l'ACLC \u00e9tait intervenue pour faire valoir qu'une immunit\u00e9 \u00e9largie pour la Couronne p\u00e9n\u00e9trait en territoire inconstitutionnel en \u00e9cartant la comp\u00e9tence des cours sup\u00e9rieures. Dans Leroux, la Cour a finalement d\u00e9termin\u00e9 qu'elle n'avait pas besoin de se pencher sur l'interpr\u00e9tation de la CLPA et a tranch\u00e9 l'affaire pour d'autres motifs.<\/p>\n

Dans Francis, l'ACLC est \u00e9galement intervenue sur la question de l'interpr\u00e9tation du CLPA. La Cour d'appel de l'Ontario s'est directement pench\u00e9e sur la question et a conclu qu'en l'absence d'un langage clair dans la loi, elle ne pouvait \u00eatre interpr\u00e9t\u00e9e comme modifiant la common law de l'immunit\u00e9 de la Couronne. La Cour s'est fond\u00e9e en partie sur des d\u00e9clarations faites par le procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral lors de l'introduction de la loi, qui disait qu'elle cherchait simplement \u00e0 codifier la common law.<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9cision de la Cour est une victoire pour ceux qui se soucient de la responsabilit\u00e9 du gouvernement. Nous remercions Jonathan Lisus, Phillip Underwood et Zain Naqi de Lax O'Sullivan Lisus Gottlieb pour leur excellente repr\u00e9sentation pro bono \u00e0 Francis et \u00e0 Jennifer Hunter et Jacqueline Palef de Lerners LLP pour leur excellente repr\u00e9sentation pro bono \u00e0 Leroux.<\/p>\n

Cara Zwibel est directrice des libert\u00e9s fondamentales \u00e0 l'Association canadienne des libert\u00e9s civiles<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t

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\u00c0 propos de l\u2019association canadienne sur les libert\u00e9s civiles<\/h3>\n
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L\u2019ACLC est un organisme ind\u00e9pendant \u00e0 but non lucratif qui compte des sympathisant.e.s dans tout le pays. Fond\u00e9 en 1964, c\u2019est un organisme qui \u0153uvre \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle du Canada \u00e0 la protection des droits et des libert\u00e9s civiles de toute sa population.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Pour les m\u00e9dias<\/h3>\n
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Pour d'autres commentaires, veuillez nous contacter \u00e0\u00a0media@ccla.org<\/u><\/a>.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Pour les mises \u00e0 jour en direct<\/h3>\n
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Veuillez continuer \u00e0 vous r\u00e9f\u00e9rer \u00e0\u00a0cette page<\/a>\u00a0et \u00e0 nos plateformes de m\u00e9dias sociaux. On est dessus\u00a0Instagram<\/u><\/a>,\u00a0Facebook<\/u><\/a>, Twitter<\/u><\/a> et Ciel bleu<\/u><\/a>.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Une d\u00e9cision de la Cour d'appel de l'Ontario a accord\u00e9 une victoire aux d\u00e9fenseurs de la primaut\u00e9 du droit et de la responsabilit\u00e9 gouvernementale.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":4108,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[39],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-5525","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-criminal-justice"},"yoast_head":"\nOntario Government's Loss in the Court of Appeal is a Victory for Accountability - CCLA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ccla.org\/fr\/justice-penale\/ontario-governments-loss-in-the-court-of-appeal-is-a-victory-for-accountability\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_CA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ontario Government's Loss in the Court of Appeal is a Victory for Accountability - 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