{"id":3391,"date":"2019-08-20T04:02:54","date_gmt":"2019-08-20T04:02:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ccla.org\/?p=3391"},"modified":"2021-09-03T17:12:28","modified_gmt":"2021-09-03T17:12:28","slug":"a-chilly-climate-for-free-speech-this-election-season","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ccla.org\/fr\/libertes-fondamentales\/droits-democratiques\/a-chilly-climate-for-free-speech-this-election-season\/","title":{"rendered":"Un climat froid pour la libert\u00e9 d'expression en cette p\u00e9riode \u00e9lectorale"},"content":{"rendered":"
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OCT. 7\u00c8ME MISE \u00c0 JOUR\u00a0:<\/strong>\u00a0Consultez notre lettre \u00e0 \u00c9lections Canada ici.<\/a><\/p>\n

Une \u00e9lection est un moment o\u00f9 nous devrions encourager le d\u00e9bat et la discussion de tous les coins de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, pas l'\u00e9touffer. Mais \u00c9lections Canada a fait exactement cela en emp\u00eachant les organismes de bienfaisance canadiens de parler du changement climatique. C'est une mauvaise interpr\u00e9tation de la loi et une restriction inconstitutionnelle \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 d'expression. Voici l'histoire.<\/p>\n

Selon\u00a0rapports r\u00e9cents<\/span><\/a>, les groupes environnementaux ont \u00e9t\u00e9 avertis par \u00c9lections Canada que discuter des dangers du changement climatique lors des prochaines \u00e9lections f\u00e9d\u00e9rales pourrait \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une \u00ab activit\u00e9 partisane \u00bb en vertu de la loi \u00e9lectorale f\u00e9d\u00e9rale. En d'autres termes, pr\u00e9tendre que le changement climatique est un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne r\u00e9el pourrait \u00eatre per\u00e7u \u2013 par \u00c9lections Canada \u2013 comme un parti pour l'\u00e9lection.<\/p>\n

Alors que la question climatique est clairement une question importante pour de nombreux (peut-\u00eatre tous) \u00e9lecteurs et candidats, ce n'est d\u00e9sormais plus simplement une question \u00e9lectorale mais, apparemment, une question partisane. \u00c9lections Canada a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que la pr\u00e9occupation au sujet de la partisanerie d\u00e9coule du fait que Maxime Bernier, chef du Parti populaire du Canada (PPC), a exprim\u00e9 des doutes quant \u00e0 la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 du changement climatique. On peut donc supposer que toutes les d\u00e9clarations sugg\u00e9rant que le changement climatique est r\u00e9el sont anti-PPC, et donc partisanes.<\/p>\n

Cet avertissement choquant de l'organisme de r\u00e9glementation \u00e9lectorale du Canada d\u00e9montre en termes clairs \u00e0 quel point la r\u00e9glementation de la publicit\u00e9 \u00e9lectorale peut \u00eatre probl\u00e9matique. Alors que les \u00c9tats-Unis peuvent fournir une mise en garde sur ce qui se passe lorsque l'argent est autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 dominer le processus politique, il est possible que le Canada soit all\u00e9 trop loin dans l'autre sens, au d\u00e9triment de la libert\u00e9 d'expression et d'un d\u00e9bat d\u00e9mocratique significatif.<\/p>\n

\u00c9lections Canada a la responsabilit\u00e9 de s'assurer que les partis politiques et les tiers n'enfreignent pas les\u00a0Loi \u00e9lectorale du Canada\u00a0<\/i>qui impose des restrictions \u00e0 la publicit\u00e9 politique tant par les partis politiques que par les \u00ab tiers \u00bb (par exemple, les groupes communautaires, les syndicats, etc.). En vertu des modifications les plus r\u00e9centes apport\u00e9es \u00e0 la loi, les restrictions impos\u00e9es aux tiers pendant la p\u00e9riode pr\u00e9\u00e9lectorale (qui a commenc\u00e9 le 30 juin et se terminera la veille du retrait du bref \u00e9lectoral) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9largies par rapport aux r\u00e8gles relatives \u00e0 la publicit\u00e9 des partis politiques. Cependant, avant m\u00eame que ces changements ne soient apport\u00e9s, les partis politiques d\u00e9tenaient un monopole important sur les communications \u00e9lectorales.<\/p>\n

Lorsque les restrictions sur la publicit\u00e9 des tiers ont \u00e9t\u00e9 contest\u00e9es sans succ\u00e8s il y a de nombreuses ann\u00e9es par le pr\u00e9sident de la National Citizens' Coalition Stephen Harper, les restrictions \u00e9taient telles qu'un tiers ne pouvait tout simplement pas lancer une campagne nationale efficace.1 Le montant maximum qu'un tiers pouvait d\u00e9penser \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle nationale \u00e9tait de $150 000,00, mais la preuve a montr\u00e9 que cela co\u00fbtait presque trois fois plus cher qu'une annonce d'une seule page d'une page dans les principaux journaux canadiens. La limite qui pouvait \u00eatre d\u00e9pens\u00e9e dans une seule circonscription \u00e9lectorale \u00e9tait si faible qu'une organisation ne pouvait m\u00eame pas envoyer du courrier \u00e0 tous les \u00e9lecteurs de cette circonscription sans la d\u00e9passer. Les limites ont augment\u00e9 depuis la\u00a0Harpiste\u00a0<\/i>cas, mais il en va de m\u00eame pour les co\u00fbts. De plus, le paysage de la publicit\u00e9 a consid\u00e9rablement chang\u00e9, les m\u00e9dias sociaux jouant un r\u00f4le beaucoup plus important avec une structure de co\u00fbts tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9rente.<\/p>\n

Dans quelques semaines \u00e0 peine, les \u00e9lections f\u00e9d\u00e9rales seront \u00e0 nos portes, et comme toutes les \u00e9lections, il y a beaucoup en jeu. Nous avons tous besoin d'informations pour nous assurer que notre choix d\u00e9mocratique s'exerce avec le plus de connaissance possible des cons\u00e9quences potentielles. Ironiquement, obtenir de bonnes informations est de plus en plus difficile dans ce qui est cens\u00e9 \u00eatre l'\u00e8re de l'information. Nous sommes inond\u00e9s de tant de donn\u00e9es et de contenus provenant d'une si grande vari\u00e9t\u00e9 de sources qu'il peut \u00eatre difficile de savoir ce qui est fiable et ce qui est suspect. Mais cela ne justifie pas de restreindre l'expression en l'absence de preuves convaincantes qu'il est n\u00e9cessaire de le faire. Cela ne justifie certainement pas de fixer des r\u00e8gles et des limites arbitraires qui n'ont pas de fondement clair dans les faits.<\/p>\n

Comme le montre le dernier article d'\u00c9lections Canada, nos r\u00e8gles actuelles concernant les d\u00e9penses sont difficiles \u00e0 interpr\u00e9ter et donc difficiles \u00e0 respecter. Les limites semblent arbitraires et sont fix\u00e9es par des \u00e9lus qui pourraient tirer avantage de restreindre ce que les \u00ab\u00a0\u00e9trangers\u00a0\u00bb peuvent dire pendant la p\u00e9riode \u00e9lectorale. Nous pouvons tous convenir que la campagne explicite pour un parti, un candidat ou un autre devrait \u00eatre r\u00e9glement\u00e9e, mais lorsque nous nous plions au \u00ab plaidoyer pour un probl\u00e8me \u00bb et que nous essayons ensuite de discerner quand un probl\u00e8me devient partisan, les eaux se brouillent. Comme l'a dit un jour la Cour supr\u00eame des \u00c9tats-Unis, \u00ab\u00a0Ce qui s\u00e9pare la d\u00e9fense des int\u00e9r\u00eats et la d\u00e9fense des int\u00e9r\u00eats politiques, c'est une ligne dans le sable trac\u00e9e par une journ\u00e9e venteuse\u00a0\u00bb. comme si nous vivions un temps difficile cette saison \u00e9lectorale.<\/p>\n

1. Harper c. Canada, 2004 CSC 3.
\n2. McConnell c. Federal Election Commission, 540 US 93 (2003) et Federal Election Commission c. Wisconsin Right to Life, Inc., 551 US 449 (2007).<\/p>\n

\u2013 Cara Zwibel, directrice du programme des libert\u00e9s fondamentales, czwibel@ccla.org<\/i><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t

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\u00c0 propos de l\u2019association canadienne sur les libert\u00e9s civiles<\/h3>\n
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L\u2019ACLC est un organisme ind\u00e9pendant \u00e0 but non lucratif qui compte des sympathisant.e.s dans tout le pays. Fond\u00e9 en 1964, c\u2019est un organisme qui \u0153uvre \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle du Canada \u00e0 la protection des droits et des libert\u00e9s civiles de toute sa population.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Pour les m\u00e9dias<\/h3>\n
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Pour d'autres commentaires, veuillez nous contacter \u00e0\u00a0media@ccla.org<\/u><\/a>.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Pour les mises \u00e0 jour en direct<\/h3>\n
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Veuillez continuer \u00e0 vous r\u00e9f\u00e9rer \u00e0\u00a0cette page<\/a>\u00a0et \u00e0 nos plateformes de m\u00e9dias sociaux. On est dessus\u00a0Instagram<\/u><\/a>,\u00a0Facebook<\/u><\/a>, Twitter<\/u><\/a> et Ciel bleu<\/u><\/a>.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Une \u00e9lection est un moment o\u00f9 nous devrions encourager le d\u00e9bat et la discussion de tous les coins de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, pas l'\u00e9touffer. Mais \u00c9lections Canada a fait exactement cela en emp\u00eachant les organismes de bienfaisance canadiens de parler du changement climatique.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":1891,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[79,113,31,112],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-3391","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-democratic-rights","8":"category-election-finance","9":"category-fundamental-freedoms","10":"category-political-advertising"},"yoast_head":"\nA Chilly Climate for Free Speech This Election Season - CCLA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ccla.org\/fr\/libertes-fondamentales\/droits-democratiques\/a-chilly-climate-for-free-speech-this-election-season\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_CA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A Chilly Climate for Free Speech This Election Season - CCLA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"An election is a time when we should be encouraging debate and discussion from all corners of society, not stifling it. 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