{"id":3076,"date":"2015-10-27T23:00:39","date_gmt":"2015-10-27T23:00:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ccla.org\/?p=3076"},"modified":"2021-06-13T23:06:50","modified_gmt":"2021-06-13T23:06:50","slug":"resume-pacte-international-relatif-aux-droits-civils-et-politiques-cipr","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ccla.org\/fr\/privacy\/surveillance-and-privacy\/summary-international-covenant-on-civil-and-political-rights-iccpr\/","title":{"rendered":"R\u00e9sum\u00e9 : Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques (PIDCP)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\t\t
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BACKGROUND:<\/strong><\/p>\n

The United Nations International Covenant of Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) attempts to ensure the protection of civil and political rights. It was adopted by the United Nations\u2019 General Assembly on December 19, 1966, and it came into force on March 23, 1976. The International Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and the ICCPR and its two Optional Protocols, are collectively known as the International Bill of Rights.<\/p>\n

PURPOSE:<\/strong><\/p>\n

The ICCPR recognizes the inherent dignity of each individual and undertakes to promote conditions within states to allow the enjoyment of civil and political rights. Countries that have ratified the Covenant are obligated \u201cto protect and preserve basic human rights\u2026 [and] \u201ccompel[ed] to take administrative, judicial, and legislative measures in order to protect the rights enshrined in the treaty and to provide an effective remedy.\u201d There are currently 74 signatories and 168 parties to the ICCPR.<\/p>\n

CONTENT:<\/strong><\/p>\n

The unifying themes and values of the ICCPR are found in Articles 2 and 3 and are based on the notion of non-discrimination. Article 2 ensures that rights recognized in the ICCPR will be respected and be available to everyone within the territory of those states who have ratified the Covenant (State Party). Article 3 ensures the equal right of both men and women to the enjoyment of all civil and political rights set out in the ICCPR.<\/p>\n

The rights protected under the ICCPR include:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Article 6 \u2013 Right to life.
\nArticle 7 \u2013 Freedom from torture.
\nArticle 8 \u2013 Right to not be enslaved.
\nArticle 9 \u2013 Right to liberty and security of the person.
\nArticle 10 \u2013 Rights of detainees.
\nArticle 11 \u2013 Right to not be imprisoned merely on the ground of inability to fulfil a contractual obligation.
\nArticle 12 \u2013 Freedom of movement and choice of residence for lawful residents.
\nArticle 13 \u2013 Rights of aliens.
\nArticle 14 \u2013 Equality before the courts and tribunals. Right to a fair trial.
\nArticle 15 \u2013 No one can be guilty of an act of a criminal offence which did not constitute a criminal offence.
\nArticle 16 \u2013 Right to recognition as a person before the law.
\nArticle 17 \u2013 Freedom from arbitrary or unlawful interference.
\nArticle 18 \u2013 Right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion.
\nArticle 19 \u2013 Right to hold opinions without interference.
\nArticle 20 \u2013 Propaganda for war shall be prohibited by law.
\nArticle 21 \u2013 Right of peaceful assembly.
\nArticle 22 \u2013 Right to freedom of association with others.
\nArticle 23 \u2013 Right to marry.
\nArticle 24 \u2013 Children\u2019s rights
\nArticle 25 \u2013 Right to political participation.
\nArticle 26 \u2013 Equality before the law.
\nArticle 27 \u2013 Minority protection.<\/p>\n

LIMITATIONS:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Article 4 of ICCPR allows for certain circumstances for States Parties to derogate from their responsibilities under the Covenant, such as during times of public emergencies. However, State Parties may not derogate from Articles 6, 7, 8 (paragraphs I and 2), 11, 15, 16 and 18.<\/p>\n

OPTIONAL PROTOCOLS:<\/strong><\/p>\n

There are two optional protocols to the ICCPR which gives additional human rights protections.<\/p>\n

First Optional Protocol:<\/strong><\/p>\n

This protocol allows victims claiming to be victims of human rights violations to be heard. The Human Rights Committee (Committee), which is established by the Covenant, has the jurisdiction to receive, consider and hear communications from victims. The first Optional Protocol came into force with the Covenant. There are currently 35 signatories and 115 parties to this protocol.
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\nSecond Optional Protocol:<\/strong><\/p>\n

This protocol aims to abolish the death penalty. It was entered into force on July 11, 1991 and it currently has 37 signatories and 81 parties.<\/p>\n

ENFORCEMENT<\/strong><\/p>\n

Article 2(2) of ICCPR provides that State Parties are to take the \u201cnecessary steps\u2026. to adopt such laws or other measures as may be necessary to give effect to the rights recognized in the present Covenant.\u201d Countries that have ratified the ICCPR must takes steps in their own jurisdictions to recognize the acceptance of this international covenant because, in \u201cinternational law, a signature does not usually bind a State. The treaty is usually subject to a future ratification, acceptance, approval or accession.\u201d In Canada, the accession process involves a series of reviews and consultation by the federal government and followed by a tabling of the treaty in Parliament.<\/p>\n

In addition to State Parties\u2019 formally adopting and recognizing the ICCPR in their jurisdiction, Article 28 of ICCPR provides for a Human Rights Committee (Committee) to be established for monitoring the State Parties\u2019 implementation of the Covenant. State Parties are required to submit reports to the Committee for review, on measures used to adopt and give effect to the rights enshrined in the ICCPR.<\/p>\n

As mentioned above, the First Optional Protocol allows victims of human rights violation to be heard by the Committee. However the ICCPR also provides in Article 41 that a State Party who claims another State Party is not fulfilling its obligations to implement ICCPR, may make written submissions to the Committee for consideration. Also, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) may also participate in ensuring that values under the ICCPR are protected by submitting \u2018shadow reports\u2019 and highlight areas for consideration by the Committee.<\/p>\n

RESOURCES:<\/strong><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/Documents\/Publications\/FactSheet2Rev.1en.pdf<\/a>
\nhttp:\/\/www.aclu.org\/faq-covenant-civil-political-rights-iccpr<\/a>
\nhttp:\/\/www.who.int\/hhr\/Civil_political_rights.pdf<\/a>
\nhttp:\/\/www.pch.gc.ca\/eng\/1367322970926\/1357323088069<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t

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About the Canadian Civil Liberties Association<\/h3>\n
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The CCLA is an independent, non-profit organization with supporters from across the country. Founded in 1964, the CCLA is a national human rights organization committed to defending the rights, dignity, safety, and freedoms of all people in Canada.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

For the Media<\/h3>\n
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For further comments, please contact us at\u00a0media@ccla.org<\/u><\/a>.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

For Live Updates<\/h3>\n
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Please keep referring to\u00a0this page<\/a>\u00a0and to our social media platforms. We are on\u00a0Instagram<\/u><\/a>,\u00a0Facebook<\/u><\/a>, Twitter<\/u><\/a> and Blue Sky<\/u><\/a>.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L'Association canadienne des libert\u00e9s civiles (ACLC) contestera l'injonction exceptionnellement large du gouvernement de la Nouvelle-\u00c9cosse limitant les manifestations dans la province. <\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":1120,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[171],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3076","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-surveillance-and-privacy"],"yoast_head":"\nSummary: International Covenant On Civil And Political Rights (Iccpr) - CCLA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ccla.org\/fr\/intimite\/surveillance-et-vie-privee\/resume-pacte-international-relatif-aux-droits-civils-et-politiques-cipr\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_CA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Summary: International Covenant On Civil And Political Rights (Iccpr) - 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