{"id":2733,"date":"2018-04-17T20:59:22","date_gmt":"2018-04-17T20:59:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ccla.org\/?p=2733"},"modified":"2021-06-12T21:05:34","modified_gmt":"2021-06-12T21:05:34","slug":"locking-up-the-poor-for-being-poor-ccla-at","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ccla.org\/fr\/non-classe\/locking-up-the-poor-for-being-poor-ccla-at\/","title":{"rendered":"Enfermer les pauvres parce qu'ils sont pauvres : l'ACLC \u00e0\u2026"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Cette semaine, l'Association canadienne des libert\u00e9s civiles sera \u00e0 la Cour supr\u00eame du Canada pour faire valoir qu'une suramende compensatoire obligatoire, impos\u00e9e \u00e0 tous les \u00ab contrevenants \u00bb, est une peine cruelle et inhabituelle qui devrait \u00eatre annul\u00e9e par la Cour.<\/p>\n

La suramende compensatoire oblige les individus \u00e0 payer une somme financi\u00e8re \u2013 en plus des amendes qui font partie de leur peine \u2013 s'ils sont reconnus coupables d'une infraction criminelle. Le non-paiement de la surtaxe peut \u00eatre un motif d'emprisonnement. En 2013, le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a supprim\u00e9 le pouvoir discr\u00e9tionnaire des juges de renoncer \u00e0 la suramende dans certaines circonstances. En cause dans les affaires devant la Cour supr\u00eame cette semaine (Tinker et al contre Sa Majest\u00e9 la Reine<\/em>\u00a0et\u00a0Boudreault c Sa Majest\u00e9 la Reine<\/em>) est de savoir si cette suppression du pouvoir discr\u00e9tionnaire \u00e9tait constitutionnelle.<\/p>\n

Emprisonner les pauvres parce qu'ils sont pauvres, c'est la r\u00e9surrection populiste de la prison du d\u00e9biteur barbare mise au pilori par Charles Dickens. Le juge Binnie l'a dit ainsi\u00a0:<\/p>\n

La prison pour d\u00e9biteurs pour personnes appauvries est un concept dickensien qui dans les pays civilis\u00e9s a \u00e9t\u00e9 largement aboli. L'emprisonnement pour dette civile a \u00e9t\u00e9 aboli en Ontario \u00e0 la fin du XIXe si\u00e8cle. Dans ses r\u00e9formes des peines de 1996, le Parlement a d\u00e9cr\u00e9t\u00e9 que la prison devrait \u00eatre r\u00e9serv\u00e9e \u00e0 ceux dont la conduite m\u00e9rite d'y \u00eatre emprisonn\u00e9e. En l'esp\u00e8ce, le juge du proc\u00e8s a estim\u00e9 qu'une peine appropri\u00e9e serait une peine avec sursis avec probation, mais cela n'\u00e9tait pas possible en vertu de la Loi. Pourtant, la prison pour d\u00e9biteurs \u00ab dans la communaut\u00e9 \u00bb, ce qu'est une peine avec sursis, est r\u00e9pugnante dans le cas d'un individu qui ne m\u00e9rite pas la prison mais qui ne peut tout simplement pas payer. Comme on le verra, le but de l'emprisonnement pour d\u00e9faut de paiement est d'encourager s\u00e9rieusement les contrevenants ayant les moyens de payer une amende pour effectuer le paiement.\u00a0L'incapacit\u00e9 r\u00e9elle de payer une amende n'est pas un motif valable d'emprisonnement. (R. c. Wu, [2003] 3 RCS 530).<\/em><\/p>\n

Comme l'a \u00e9crit le juge Doherty dans cette affaire en appel : \u00ab\u00a0L'emprisonnement \u00e9conomique, que ce soit en prison ou dans la collectivit\u00e9, est contraire aux dispositions actuelles de la\u00a0Code criminel<\/em>\u00a0concernant les amendes. (R. c. Wu<\/em>) au par. 40).<\/p>\n

En supprimant le pouvoir discr\u00e9tionnaire du juge de renoncer \u00e0 la suramende pour les d\u00e9linquants indigents, la suramende obligatoire punit et discrimine les indigents. Une personne qui est v\u00e9ritablement incapable de payer la suramende doit faire face au spectre persistant de l'incarc\u00e9ration. Le stress associ\u00e9 au non-paiement est aggrav\u00e9 par une foule de cons\u00e9quences juridiques et personnelles suppl\u00e9mentaires auxquelles un individu indigent n'esp\u00e8re jamais \u00e9chapper de mani\u00e8re r\u00e9aliste. Cela inclut la stigmatisation d'\u00eatre endett\u00e9 envers la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 mais d'\u00eatre incapable de rembourser la dette et de faire m\u00eame le premier pas sur la voie de la r\u00e9habilitation. Cela comprend \u00e9galement l'inadmissibilit\u00e9 d'une personne \u00e0 obtenir un pardon et les effets associ\u00e9s de cette inadmissibilit\u00e9 sur ses perspectives d'emploi, de r\u00e9adaptation et de r\u00e9insertion dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Une sanction financi\u00e8re obligatoire qui est impos\u00e9e ind\u00e9pendamment des circonstances financi\u00e8res n'a pas sa place dans un syst\u00e8me de justice p\u00e9nale juste et \u00e9quitable. Le droit p\u00e9nal doit \u00eatre suffisamment souple pour permettre \u00e0 la magistrature d'\u00e9laborer des r\u00e9ponses appropri\u00e9es et individualis\u00e9es \u00e0 la conduite criminelle et pour \u00e9viter d'imposer des peines inutilement cruelles et s\u00e9v\u00e8res aux personnes vivant dans la pauvret\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Les avocats dans cette affaire sont Christopher D. Bredt, Pierre N. Gemson et Alannah M. Fotheringham de Borden Ladner Gervais LLP.<\/p>\n

Pour une webdiffusion des audiences,\u00a0Cliquez ici<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n

Pour le m\u00e9moire de l'intervenant de l'ACLC dans l'affaire,\u00a0Cliquez ici<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t

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\u00c0 propos de l\u2019association canadienne sur les libert\u00e9s civiles<\/h3>\n
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L\u2019ACLC est un organisme ind\u00e9pendant \u00e0 but non lucratif qui compte des sympathisant.e.s dans tout le pays. Fond\u00e9 en 1964, c\u2019est un organisme qui \u0153uvre \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle du Canada \u00e0 la protection des droits et des libert\u00e9s civiles de toute sa population.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Pour les m\u00e9dias<\/h3>\n
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Pour d'autres commentaires, veuillez nous contacter \u00e0\u00a0media@ccla.org<\/u><\/a>.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Pour les mises \u00e0 jour en direct<\/h3>\n
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Veuillez continuer \u00e0 vous r\u00e9f\u00e9rer \u00e0\u00a0cette page<\/a>\u00a0et \u00e0 nos plateformes de m\u00e9dias sociaux. On est dessus\u00a0Instagram<\/u><\/a>,\u00a0Facebook<\/u><\/a>, Twitter<\/u><\/a> et Ciel bleu<\/u><\/a>.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L'Association canadienne des libert\u00e9s civiles (ACLC) contestera l'injonction exceptionnellement large du gouvernement de la Nouvelle-\u00c9cosse limitant les manifestations dans la province.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":1351,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-2733","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-uncategorized"},"yoast_head":"\nLocking Up The Poor For Being Poor: CCLA At\u2026 - CCLA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ccla.org\/fr\/non-classe\/locking-up-the-poor-for-being-poor-ccla-at\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_CA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Locking Up The Poor For Being Poor: CCLA At\u2026 - 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