{"id":2321,"date":"2019-05-10T18:33:42","date_gmt":"2019-05-10T18:33:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ccla.org\/?p=2321"},"modified":"2021-09-17T19:10:57","modified_gmt":"2021-09-17T19:10:57","slug":"in-the-fight-for-free-speech-where-does-facebook-fit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ccla.org\/fr\/libertes-fondamentales\/dans-la-lutte-pour-la-liberte-dexpression-quelle-est-la-place-de-facebook\/","title":{"rendered":"Dans la lutte pour la libert\u00e9 d'expression, o\u00f9 se situe Facebook ?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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En tant qu'organisation fortement engag\u00e9e en faveur de la libert\u00e9 d'expression, l'ACLC s'est traditionnellement concentr\u00e9e sur les interdictions et les restrictions d'expression mises en place par le gouvernement ou les institutions \u00e9tatiques. Nous avons contest\u00e9 l'\u00e9tendue des lois sur les discours de haine et la pornographie juv\u00e9nile, plaid\u00e9 en faveur de modifications \u00e0 la loi sur la diffamation pour aider \u00e0 favoriser la libert\u00e9 d'expression et soutenu la l\u00e9gislation pour rendre plus difficile l'utilisation de nos tribunaux pour \u00e9touffer la participation du public.<\/p>\n

Mais le paysage concernant la protection de la libert\u00e9 d'expression a radicalement chang\u00e9 depuis la cr\u00e9ation de l'ACLC dans les ann\u00e9es 1960. Aujourd'hui, les Canadiens ne vivent pas seulement leur vie au Canada \u2013 ils vivent de plus en plus dans des espaces en ligne qui sont r\u00e9gis par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s priv\u00e9es (et mondiales) dot\u00e9es d'un pouvoir \u00e9norme. Bien que ces soci\u00e9t\u00e9s soient tenues de respecter la l\u00e9gislation locale, elles ne sont pas li\u00e9es par les m\u00eames\u00a0Charte des droits et libert\u00e9s<\/em>\u00a0cela exige que les gouvernements limitent nos droits uniquement dans la mesure o\u00f9 ces limites sont raisonnables et peuvent \u00eatre justifi\u00e9es. Facebook d\u00e9veloppe ses propres normes communautaires et peut ensuite appliquer ces normes sur sa plate-forme et modifier ces normes si et quand il le juge appropri\u00e9. Il n'y a pas de freins et contrepoids, pas de s\u00e9paration des pouvoirs. Mais devrait-il? Devrions-nous commencer \u00e0 traiter Facebook davantage comme un gouvernement ? Va-t-il lui-m\u00eame dans cette direction ?<\/p>\n

Que vous pensiez que ce que fait Facebook est mieux caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 comme une mod\u00e9ration de contenu ou simplement de la censure, il est clair que le g\u00e9ant des m\u00e9dias sociaux est d\u00e9j\u00e0 en train de d\u00e9cider quel type de contenu expressif a sa place sur sa plate-forme, et quel type ne l'est d\u00e9cid\u00e9ment pas. . En effet, cela signifie que Facebook a beaucoup de pouvoir sur l'expression en ligne \u2013 point final. Plus de 2 milliards de personnes utilisent la plate-forme dans le monde, et pour certains, il n'y a pas de distinction significative entre Internet et Facebook. Reconnaissant l'\u00e9norme pouvoir de l'entreprise sur le contenu en ligne, elle a a propos\u00e9 la cr\u00e9ation d'un \u00ab conseil de surveillance \u00bb Facebook<\/a>\u00a0prendre des d\u00e9cisions difficiles en mati\u00e8re de contenu. J'ai \u00e9t\u00e9 invit\u00e9 \u00e0 participer \u00e0 une table ronde canadienne organis\u00e9e par l'entreprise pour discuter de cette proposition. Ils sont engag\u00e9s dans ces discussions dans le monde entier, sont\u00a0solliciter les commentaires du public par le biais d'un processus de consultation<\/a>, et pr\u00e9voyez que le conseil sera \u00ab op\u00e9rationnel \u00bb d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

L'id\u00e9e derri\u00e8re un conseil de surveillance est que les d\u00e9cisions de contenu les plus d\u00e9licates ne seraient pas laiss\u00e9es \u00e0 l'entreprise, mais feraient plut\u00f4t l'objet d'une d\u00e9cision d'un organisme \u00ab ind\u00e9pendant \u00bb par lequel Facebook accepte d'\u00eatre \u00ab li\u00e9 \u00bb. Je suis lib\u00e9ral dans mon utilisation des guillemets car les d\u00e9tails autour de la proposition sont encore tr\u00e8s pr\u00e9liminaires. Il y a beaucoup de questions difficiles \u00e0 aborder : comment le conseil d'administration serait-il constitu\u00e9 ; comment d\u00e9ciderait-il quels \u00ab cas \u00bb \u00ab entendre \u00bb\u00a0; \u00e0 quoi ressemblerait une \u00ab audience \u00bb\u00a0; le processus serait-il accusatoire ou inquisitoire\u00a0? comment l'utilisation d'un tel tableau sert les int\u00e9r\u00eats de Facebook\u00a0; comment sert-il ceux de ses utilisateurs ? Ce sont chacune des questions complexes sans r\u00e9ponses faciles. S'il y a une chose que vous pouvez dire sur la proposition de cr\u00e9er un conseil de surveillance, c'est qu'elle est ambitieuse.<\/p>\n

J'admets que je ne suis pas parvenu \u00e0 un atterrissage sur la question de savoir si un conseil de surveillance pour Facebook serait un d\u00e9veloppement bienvenu. Une partie de moi se demande si des normes mondiales de libert\u00e9 d'expression sont m\u00eame r\u00e9alisables \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 \u00e0 quel point l'expression est enracin\u00e9e dans le contexte et les cultures locales, en particulier en ligne. N\u00e9anmoins, je pense que l'exp\u00e9rimentation de nouvelles structures de gouvernance peut, au minimum, cr\u00e9er une discussion globale sur la libert\u00e9 d'expression : ce qu'elle signifie, ses limites et comment elle peut \u00eatre encourag\u00e9e. L'ACLC sera certainement engag\u00e9e dans cette discussion, et si vous vous souciez de la libert\u00e9 d'expression, vous devriez l'\u00eatre aussi.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t

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\u00c0 propos de l\u2019association canadienne sur les libert\u00e9s civiles<\/h3>\n
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L\u2019ACLC est un organisme ind\u00e9pendant \u00e0 but non lucratif qui compte des sympathisant.e.s dans tout le pays. Fond\u00e9 en 1964, c\u2019est un organisme qui \u0153uvre \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle du Canada \u00e0 la protection des droits et des libert\u00e9s civiles de toute sa population.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Pour les m\u00e9dias<\/h3>\n
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Pour d'autres commentaires, veuillez nous contacter \u00e0\u00a0media@ccla.org<\/u><\/a>.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Pour les mises \u00e0 jour en direct<\/h3>\n
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Veuillez continuer \u00e0 vous r\u00e9f\u00e9rer \u00e0\u00a0cette page<\/a>\u00a0et \u00e0 nos plateformes de m\u00e9dias sociaux. On est dessus\u00a0Instagram<\/u><\/a>,\u00a0Facebook<\/u><\/a>, Twitter<\/u><\/a> et Ciel bleu<\/u><\/a>.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

En tant qu'organisation fortement engag\u00e9e en faveur de la libert\u00e9 d'expression, l'ACLC s'est traditionnellement concentr\u00e9e sur les interdictions et les restrictions d'expression mises en place par le gouvernement ou les institutions \u00e9tatiques.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":1798,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[74,31,107],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-2321","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-freedoms-expression","8":"category-fundamental-freedoms","9":"category-regulation-of-online-expression"},"yoast_head":"\nIn the Fight for Free Speech, Where Does Facebook Fit? - CCLA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ccla.org\/fr\/libertes-fondamentales\/dans-la-lutte-pour-la-liberte-dexpression-quelle-est-la-place-de-facebook\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_CA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"In the Fight for Free Speech, Where Does Facebook Fit? 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