{"id":15475,"date":"2020-11-20T03:15:25","date_gmt":"2020-11-20T08:15:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/staging.ccla.org\/non-classe\/les-amendes-liees-a-la-covid-19-risquent-daggraver-la-pandemie\/"},"modified":"2026-06-11T10:13:48","modified_gmt":"2026-06-11T14:13:48","slug":"les-amendes-liees-a-la-covid-19-risquent-daggraver-la-pandemie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ccla.org\/fr\/justice-penale\/les-amendes-liees-a-la-covid-19-risquent-daggraver-la-pandemie\/","title":{"rendered":"Les amendes li\u00e9es \u00e0 la COVID-19 risquent d’aggraver la pand\u00e9mie"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][nectar_global_section id=\u00a0\u00bb1355″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbfull_width_background\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb top_padding=\u00a0\u00bb4%\u00a0\u00bb constrain_group_1=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb4%\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb class=\u00a0\u00bbpost-links\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb shape_type=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][divider line_type=\u00a0\u00bbNo Line\u00a0\u00bb custom_height=\u00a0\u00bb30″][vc_column_text]20 novembre 2020<\/strong><\/p>\n

Publi\u00e9 \u00e0 l’origine dans The Georgia Straight du 13 novembre 2020<\/p>\n

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Le 7 novembre, le Dr Bonnie Henry, responsable provinciale de la sant\u00e9 de la Colombie-Britannique, a tenu une conf\u00e9rence de presse inhabituelle<\/a> pour annoncer un durcissement des restrictions face \u00e0 la recrudescence des cas de COVID-19. Cependant, m\u00eame si cela peut para\u00eetre paradoxal pour certains, elle a insist\u00e9 sur le fait que ces nouvelles r\u00e8gles ne devaient pas n\u00e9cessairement s’accompagner d’un renforcement des contr\u00f4les. <\/p>\n

Elle a raison.<\/p>\n

La liste des recommandations non m\u00e9dicales visant \u00e0 freiner la propagation du COVID-19 est d\u00e9sormais un refrain quotidien. Restez dans votre bulle \u2014 ou avec les membres de votre foyer \u2014 lorsque la situation s’aggrave. Gardez vos distances physiques avec les autres. Portez un masque lorsque cela n’est pas possible. <\/p>\n

Si ce conseil ne cesse de circuler, c’est parce qu’il existe de plus en plus d’\u00e9l\u00e9ments indiquant que ces mesures contribuent effectivement \u00e0 ralentir la propagation de la COVID-19.<\/p>\n

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Quel est le seul outil de sant\u00e9 publique qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 largement utilis\u00e9 au Canada, sans qu’aucune preuve de son efficacit\u00e9 n’ait \u00e9t\u00e9 apport\u00e9e ? Les amendes punitives. Des amendes, encore et encore. <\/p>\n

Comme nous l\u2019avons indiqu\u00e9 dans notre rapport de juin<\/a>, au cours des trois premiers mois de la pand\u00e9mie, les gouvernements canadiens ont inflig\u00e9 plus de 13 millions de dollars d\u2019amendes li\u00e9es \u00e0 la COVID-19. Et, comme plusieurs d\u2019entre nous l\u2019ont expos\u00e9 dans un article r\u00e9cent<\/a>, il n\u2019est absolument pas certain que cela ait contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 freiner la propagation de la COVID-19. <\/p>\n

La logique qui sous-tend les amendes est simple : la dissuasion.<\/p>\n

On fait valoir que les amendes ont un effet au niveau individuel : elles incitent les gens \u00e0 ne pas r\u00e9it\u00e9rer le comportement qui a donn\u00e9 lieu \u00e0 l’amende. Elles ont \u00e9galement, en th\u00e9orie, un effet au niveau de la population : le fait de savoir que d’autres ont \u00e9t\u00e9 sanctionn\u00e9s incite les gens \u00e0 \u00e9viter de subir le m\u00eame sort. <\/p>\n

Plus l’amende est \u00e9lev\u00e9e, plus l’effet dissuasif est grand, ou du moins c’est l’id\u00e9e. C’est pourquoi le premier ministre Doug Ford s’est r\u00e9cemment vant\u00e9 que les nouvelles amendes en Ontario seraient \u00ables plus \u00e9lev\u00e9es du pays<\/a>\u00bb. <\/p>\n

Cette logique pose deux probl\u00e8mes. Premi\u00e8rement, il n’existe aucune preuve convaincante permettant d’\u00e9tayer l’id\u00e9e selon laquelle les amendes inciteraient les gens \u00e0 se conformer aux r\u00e8gles. Deuxi\u00e8mement, de nombreuses donn\u00e9es montrent que les amendes punitives nuisent aux objectifs de sant\u00e9 publique et causent plus de tort que de bien, en particulier pour les populations marginalis\u00e9es. <\/p>\n

Avant de pouvoir modifier son comportement, il faut que l\u2019on soit conscient que ce comportement est interdit. C\u2019est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement un probl\u00e8me : la plupart des gens ne connaissent pas la loi. Mais la question est particuli\u00e8rement aigu\u00eb dans le contexte de la COVID-19, o\u00f9 la fronti\u00e8re entre les recommandations et les interdictions est floue, o\u00f9 les arr\u00eat\u00e9s d\u2019urgence sont complexes et o\u00f9 la r\u00e9glementation \u00e9volue rapidement. <\/p>\n

Comme nous l’avons indiqu\u00e9 dans notre rapport de juin, la plupart des Canadiens avec lesquels nous avons \u00e9chang\u00e9 n’avaient re\u00e7u aucun avertissement et ignoraient qu’ils enfreignaient les mesures d’urgence jusqu’\u00e0 ce qu’on leur remette une contravention.<\/p>\n

Mais m\u00eame si les gens connaissent les r\u00e8gles, il n’est pas certain que cette connaissance ait une incidence sur leur comportement. Comme nous l’avons soulign\u00e9 dans notre r\u00e9cent rapport, les donn\u00e9es concernant l’efficacit\u00e9 des amendes sont fragmentaires et incoh\u00e9rentes. Bien qu’il s’agisse d’une sanction courante, les amendes sont peu \u00e9tudi\u00e9es. Les rares recherches men\u00e9es \u00e0 ce sujet ne sont pas concluantes : certaines \u00e9tudes concluent qu’elles ont un effet dissuasif, d’autres n’en constatent aucun, quel que soit le montant de l’amende. <\/p>\n

Et, \u00e0 notre connaissance, aucune \u00e9tude scientifique n’a jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9e sur l’efficacit\u00e9 des amendes pour endiguer une maladie transmissible.<\/p>\n

Les effets n\u00e9fastes du recours \u00e0 des mesures coercitives punitives sont toutefois bien document\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

Il est bien \u00e9tabli qu\u2019au Canada, les personnes pauvres, noires et autochtones sont victimes de mani\u00e8re disproportionn\u00e9e de harc\u00e8lement, d\u2019amendes, de poursuites p\u00e9nales et de meurtres de la part de la police. Il ne faut pas s\u2019attendre \u00e0 ce que les pratiques d\u2019application de la loi li\u00e9es \u00e0 la COVID-19 soient diff\u00e9rentes. Les personnes qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 du mal \u00e0 payer leur loyer, \u00e0 trouver un emploi ou \u00e0 faire leurs courses \u2014 des difficult\u00e9s qui touchent de mani\u00e8re disproportionn\u00e9e les communaut\u00e9s racialis\u00e9es \u2014 sont doublement p\u00e9nalis\u00e9es par des amendes. <\/p>\n

Et si l\u2019on consid\u00e8re cela \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re de nos efforts plus larges en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9 publique, il appara\u00eet clairement que les amendes et les mesures coercitives sont susceptibles de nuire \u00e0 l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 de la r\u00e9ponse sanitaire plut\u00f4t que de la renforcer. Les mesures de sant\u00e9 publique telles que le d\u00e9pistage, l\u2019auto-isolement efficace et la recherche des contacts reposent en grande partie sur la coop\u00e9ration du public, la confiance dans les pouvoirs publics et des aides cibl\u00e9es. Les amendes punitives incitent les gens \u00e0 dissimuler leurs comportements imprudents pass\u00e9s plut\u00f4t qu\u2019\u00e0 les divulguer, ce qui permettrait \u00e0 la sant\u00e9 publique d\u2019att\u00e9nuer les dommages. Elles simplifient \u00e0 l\u2019extr\u00eame un probl\u00e8me complexe et vont \u00e0 l\u2019encontre du discours du gouvernement sur la solidarit\u00e9, l\u2019empathie et le soutien, ce qui, en fin de compte, sape les objectifs de sant\u00e9 publique. <\/p>\n

Les actions en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9 publique doivent s’articuler autour d’approches claires, fond\u00e9es sur des donn\u00e9es probantes et \u00e9quilibr\u00e9es, qui tiennent compte des besoins de la population.<\/p>\n

Si les gouvernements qui misent sur les amendes et les mesures r\u00e9pressives comme solution souhaitent r\u00e9ellement \u00ab suivre les recommandations scientifiques \u00bb, c’est maintenant qu’il faut changer de cap. Les campagnes de contr\u00f4le intensives et les amendes exorbitantes, aussi simples et s\u00e9duisantes qu’elles puissent para\u00eetre sur le plan th\u00e9orique, risquent bien davantage d’aggraver la crise actuelle que de la r\u00e9soudre. <\/p>\n

Abby Deshman est directrice du d\u00e9partement de justice p\u00e9nale \u00e0 l’Association canadienne des libert\u00e9s civiles.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][nectar_global_section id=\u00a0\u00bb1461″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le 7 novembre, le Dr Bonnie Henry, responsable provinciale de la sant\u00e9 de la Colombie-Britannique, a tenu une conf\u00e9rence de presse inhabituelle pour annoncer un durcissement des restrictions face \u00e0 la recrudescence des cas de COVID-19. Cependant, m\u00eame si cela peut para\u00eetre paradoxal pour certains, elle a insist\u00e9 sur le fait que ces nouvelles r\u00e8gles ne devaient pas n\u00e9cessairement s’accompagner d’un renforcement des contr\u00f4les. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":15438,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[345,275,362,306],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15475","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-covid-19","category-justice-penale","category-la-covid-19-et-les-forces-de-lordre","category-pouvoirs-de-la-police-recours-a-la-force-et-responsabilite-de-la-police"],"yoast_head":"\nLes amendes li\u00e9es \u00e0 la COVID-19 risquent d'aggraver la pand\u00e9mie - CCLA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ccla.org\/fr\/justice-penale\/les-amendes-liees-a-la-covid-19-risquent-daggraver-la-pandemie\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les amendes li\u00e9es \u00e0 la COVID-19 risquent d'aggraver la pand\u00e9mie - CCLA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le 7 novembre, le Dr Bonnie Henry, responsable provinciale de la sant\u00e9 de la Colombie-Britannique, a tenu une conf\u00e9rence de presse inhabituelle pour annoncer un durcissement des restrictions face \u00e0 la recrudescence des cas de COVID-19. 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