{"id":15002,"date":"2022-05-16T21:39:22","date_gmt":"2022-05-17T01:39:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/staging.ccla.org\/non-classe\/fouilles-de-telephones-a-la-frontiere-le-projet-de-loi-s-7-ne-garantit-pas-la-protection-de-la-vie-privee\/"},"modified":"2026-06-11T10:09:16","modified_gmt":"2026-06-11T14:09:16","slug":"fouilles-de-telephones-a-la-frontiere-le-projet-de-loi-s-7-ne-garantit-pas-la-protection-de-la-vie-privee","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ccla.org\/fr\/vie-privee\/fouilles-de-telephones-a-la-frontiere-le-projet-de-loi-s-7-ne-garantit-pas-la-protection-de-la-vie-privee\/","title":{"rendered":"Fouilles de t\u00e9l\u00e9phones \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re : le projet de loi S-7 ne garantit pas la protection de la vie priv\u00e9e"},"content":{"rendered":"

MISE \u00c0 JOUR – 16 juin 2022<\/p>\n

En r\u00e9ponse aux observations pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es par l\u2019ACLC<\/a> et de nombreux autres intervenants devant le Comit\u00e9 s\u00e9natorial permanent de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale et de la d\u00e9fense, les s\u00e9nateurs charg\u00e9s d\u2019examiner le projet de loi ont vot\u00e9 en faveur du remplacement de la nouvelle<\/a> norme, vivement critiqu\u00e9e, de \u00ab pr\u00e9occupation g\u00e9n\u00e9rale raisonnable \u00bb par le seuil juridiquement reconnu et plus strict de \u00ab motifs raisonnables de soup\u00e7onner \u00bb pour les fouilles d\u2019appareils \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re.<\/p>\n

Il s’agit l\u00e0 d’une excellente avanc\u00e9e vers une meilleure protection de la vie priv\u00e9e et, parall\u00e8lement, vers une meilleure protection contre les fouilles discriminatoires qui, en vertu de la nouvelle norme initialement propos\u00e9e, auraient pu \u00eatre men\u00e9es essentiellement sur la base de ce que nous avons qualifi\u00e9 de \u00ab test olfactif \u00bb plut\u00f4t que d’une norme. <\/p>\n

Nous continuerons \u00e0 suivre ce projet de loi tout au long de son parcours au S\u00e9nat et au Parlement.
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Ce projet de loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu n\u00e9cessaire par un arr\u00eat d\u00e9terminant rendu par la Cour d’appel de l’Alberta. En 2020, l\u2019arr\u00eat rendu dans l\u2019affaire R. c. Canfield<\/a> a conclu que l\u2019examen du contenu d\u2019un appareil num\u00e9rique personnel (par exemple, un t\u00e9l\u00e9phone portable ou un ordinateur portable) en vertu de la Loi sur les douanes \u00e9tait inconstitutionnel, car l\u2019article pertinent de la loi n\u2019imposait aucune limite \u00e0 la fouille de l\u2019appareil. La Cour a suspendu la d\u00e9claration d\u2019invalidit\u00e9 pendant un an afin de laisser au Parlement le temps de modifier la loi et d\u2019introduire un seuil. <\/p>\n

C’est un moment crucial pour renforcer la protection de la vie priv\u00e9e \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re. Les tribunaux canadiens ont \u00e9tabli que les citoyens ont un int\u00e9r\u00eat tr\u00e8s important \u00e0 ce que la vie priv\u00e9e relative \u00e0 leurs appareils num\u00e9riques personnels soit pr\u00e9serv\u00e9e. En effet, la Cour supr\u00eame a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu’il est difficile d’imaginer une atteinte \u00e0 la vie priv\u00e9e plus intrusive que la fouille de l’ordinateur personnel d’une personne. L\u2019ACLC soutient depuis longtemps que la Loi sur les douanes doit \u00eatre modifi\u00e9e afin de prot\u00e9ger les droits \u00e0 la vie priv\u00e9e des voyageurs en emp\u00eachant les fouilles abusives des appareils num\u00e9riques personnels. Malheureusement, le projet de loi S-7, tel qu\u2019il est r\u00e9dig\u00e9, ne r\u00e9pond pas \u00e0 cet objectif. <\/p>\n

Le seuil tr\u00e8s bas (et juridiquement in\u00e9dit) de \u00ab pr\u00e9occupation g\u00e9n\u00e9rale raisonnable \u00bb permettant aux agents des services frontaliers de proc\u00e9der \u00e0 une fouille de l’appareil \u00e9lectronique personnel d’un voyageur ne prot\u00e8ge pas suffisamment la vie priv\u00e9e des voyageurs. Il est regrettable qu’apr\u00e8s avoir attendu bien au-del\u00e0 du d\u00e9lai d’un an impos\u00e9 par la Cour pour ce projet de loi, le seuil propos\u00e9 passe \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de l’objectif. En effet, le seuil de \u00ab pr\u00e9occupation g\u00e9n\u00e9rale raisonnable \u00bb est un crit\u00e8re subjectif, et non une norme. Il n\u2019est utilis\u00e9 nulle part ailleurs dans la l\u00e9gislation (ni dans aucune autre l\u00e9gislation que nous ayons identifi\u00e9e \u00e0 ce jour). L\u2019introduction d\u2019une norme aussi peu contraignante non seulement ne prot\u00e8ge pas la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, mais n\u2019offre pas non plus de protection contre le profilage racial et religieux qui pourrait d\u00e9couler du pouvoir discr\u00e9tionnaire excessif qu\u2019une norme aussi minimaliste conf\u00e8re, et pourrait m\u00eame exacerber ce profilage. <\/p>\n

L\u2019ACLC estime qu\u2019un seuil minimal de \u00ab motifs raisonnables de soup\u00e7onner \u00bb est n\u00e9cessaire pour prot\u00e9ger les voyageurs. Cette position est conforme aux recommandations formul\u00e9es en 2017 dans le rapport du Comit\u00e9 permanent de la Chambre des communes sur l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019information, la protection des renseignements personnels et l\u2019\u00e9thique, intitul\u00e9 \u00abProt\u00e9ger la vie priv\u00e9e des Canadiens \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re am\u00e9ricaine \u00bb.<\/a>\u00c0 d\u00e9faut, une norme de \u00ab motifs raisonnables de croire \u00bb, qui figure ailleurs dans les lois, constituerait une option acceptable. Ces normes sont individualis\u00e9es, et non g\u00e9n\u00e9rales, et offriraient donc des protections plus solides de la vie priv\u00e9e contre les fouilles abusives d\u2019appareils \u00e9lectroniques personnels \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re. L\u2019une ou l\u2019autre de ces options offrirait \u00e9galement une meilleure protection contre le profilage racial et religieux. <\/p>\n

Ce projet de loi comporte \u00e9galement d’autres lacunes, et nous pr\u00e9parerons des m\u00e9moires d\u00e9taill\u00e9s \u00e0 l’intention de la commission afin d’y exposer tous nos sujets de pr\u00e9occupation et de formuler des recommandations pour y rem\u00e9dier.<\/p>\n

L’ACLC se r\u00e9jouit de participer aux d\u00e9bats publics et l\u00e9gislatifs sur le projet de loi S-7 et de d\u00e9fendre les droits des voyageurs \u00e0 nos fronti\u00e8res.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][nectar_global_section id=\u00a0\u00bb1461″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le projet de loi S-7, pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 dans le but de fixer un seuil pour les fouilles d’appareils \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re, ne prot\u00e8ge pas la vie priv\u00e9e en instaurant un nouveau crit\u00e8re permissif fond\u00e9 sur une \u00ab pr\u00e9occupation g\u00e9n\u00e9rale raisonnable \u00bb.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":15004,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[371,338,325,271],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15002","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-controle-des-voyageurs","category-recherches-dappareils","category-technologie-des-frontieres","category-vie-privee"],"yoast_head":"\nFouilles de t\u00e9l\u00e9phones \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re : le projet de loi S-7 ne garantit pas la protection de la vie priv\u00e9e - CCLA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ccla.org\/fr\/vie-privee\/fouilles-de-telephones-a-la-frontiere-le-projet-de-loi-s-7-ne-garantit-pas-la-protection-de-la-vie-privee\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Fouilles de t\u00e9l\u00e9phones \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re : le projet de loi S-7 ne garantit pas la protection de la vie priv\u00e9e - 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