{"id":14767,"date":"2019-08-20T04:02:54","date_gmt":"2019-08-20T08:02:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/staging.ccla.org\/non-classe\/un-climat-hostile-a-la-liberte-dexpression-en-cette-periode-electorale\/"},"modified":"2026-06-11T10:04:19","modified_gmt":"2026-06-11T14:04:19","slug":"un-climat-hostile-a-la-liberte-dexpression-en-cette-periode-electorale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ccla.org\/fr\/libertes-fondamentales\/droits-democratiques\/un-climat-hostile-a-la-liberte-dexpression-en-cette-periode-electorale\/","title":{"rendered":"Un climat hostile \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 d’expression en cette p\u00e9riode \u00e9lectorale"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][nectar_global_section id=\u00a0\u00bb1355″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbfull_width_background\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb top_padding=\u00a0\u00bb4%\u00a0\u00bb constrain_group_1=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb4%\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb class=\u00a0\u00bbpost-links\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb shape_type=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]MISE \u00c0 JOUR DU 7 OCTOBRE :<\/strong> Consultez notre lettre adress\u00e9e \u00e0 \u00c9lections Canada ici.<\/a><\/p>\n

Une p\u00e9riode \u00e9lectorale est l\u2019occasion d\u2019encourager le d\u00e9bat et la discussion dans tous les milieux de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, et non de les \u00e9touffer. Or, c\u2019est exactement ce qu\u2019a fait \u00c9lections Canada en dissuadant les organismes caritatifs canadiens d\u2019aborder la question du changement climatique. Il s\u2019agit l\u00e0 d\u2019une interpr\u00e9tation erron\u00e9e et grossi\u00e8re de la loi, ainsi que d\u2019une restriction inconstitutionnelle de la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression. Voici les faits. <\/p>\n

Selon des informations r\u00e9centes<\/span><\/a>, \u00c9lections Canada a averti les groupes environnementaux que le fait d\u2019\u00e9voquer les dangers du changement climatique lors de la prochaine \u00e9lection f\u00e9d\u00e9rale pourrait \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une \u00ab activit\u00e9 partisane \u00bb au sens de la loi \u00e9lectorale f\u00e9d\u00e9rale. En d\u2019autres termes, affirmer que le changement climatique est un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne r\u00e9el pourrait \u00eatre per\u00e7u \u2013 par \u00c9lections Canada \u2013 comme un parti pris en faveur d\u2019un camp lors de l\u2019\u00e9lection. <\/p>\n

Si la question climatique rev\u00eat clairement une grande importance pour de nombreux \u00e9lecteurs (voire tous) et pour les candidats, elle n\u2019est d\u00e9sormais plus seulement un enjeu \u00e9lectoral, mais, apparemment, un enjeu partisan. \u00c9lections Canada a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les inqui\u00e9tudes concernant la partisanerie d\u00e9coulent du fait que Maxime Bernier, chef du Parti populaire du Canada (PPC), a exprim\u00e9 des doutes quant \u00e0 la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 du changement climatique. On peut donc supposer que toute d\u00e9claration sugg\u00e9rant que le changement climatique est r\u00e9el est anti-PPC, et donc partisane. <\/p>\n

Cet avertissement alarmant lanc\u00e9 par l’autorit\u00e9 \u00e9lectorale canadienne montre de mani\u00e8re flagrante \u00e0 quel point la r\u00e9glementation de la publicit\u00e9 \u00e9lectorale peut poser probl\u00e8me. Si les \u00c9tats-Unis constituent un exemple \u00e9difiant de ce qui se passe lorsque l’argent est autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 dominer le processus politique, il est possible que le Canada soit all\u00e9 trop loin dans l’autre sens, au d\u00e9triment de la libert\u00e9 d’expression et d’un d\u00e9bat d\u00e9mocratique constructif. <\/p>\n

\u00c9lections Canada est charg\u00e9 de veiller \u00e0 ce que les partis politiques et les tiers ne contreviennent pas \u00e0 la Loi \u00e9lectorale du Canada, qui <\/i>impose des restrictions en mati\u00e8re de publicit\u00e9 politique tant aux partis politiques qu\u2019aux \u00ab tiers \u00bb (par exemple, les groupes communautaires, les syndicats, etc.). En vertu des derni\u00e8res modifications apport\u00e9es \u00e0 la loi, les restrictions impos\u00e9es aux tiers pendant la p\u00e9riode pr\u00e9\u00e9lectorale (qui a d\u00e9but\u00e9 le 30 juin et prendra fin la veille du d\u00e9clenchement des \u00e9lections) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9largies par rapport aux r\u00e8gles r\u00e9gissant la publicit\u00e9 des partis politiques. Toutefois, m\u00eame avant que ces modifications ne soient apport\u00e9es, les partis politiques d\u00e9tenaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 un monopole important sur les communications \u00e9lectorales. <\/p>\n

Lorsque, il y a de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, Stephen Harper, alors pr\u00e9sident de la Coalition nationale des citoyens, a contest\u00e9 sans succ\u00e8s les restrictions applicables \u00e0 la publicit\u00e9 des tiers, celles-ci \u00e9taient telles qu\u2019un tiers ne pouvait tout simplement pas mener une campagne nationale efficace.1 Le montant maximal qu\u2019un tiers pouvait d\u00e9penser \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle nationale \u00e9tait de 150 000,00 $, mais les preuves ont montr\u00e9 qu\u2019il fallait pr\u00e8s de trois fois ce montant pour une seule annonce d\u2019une page enti\u00e8re dans les principaux journaux canadiens. La limite pouvant \u00eatre d\u00e9pens\u00e9e dans une seule circonscription \u00e9lectorale \u00e9tait si basse qu\u2019une organisation ne pouvait m\u00eame pas envoyer de courrier \u00e0 tous les \u00e9lecteurs de cette circonscription sans la d\u00e9passer. Les limites ont augment\u00e9 depuis l\u2019affaire Harper <\/i>, mais les co\u00fbts aussi. De plus, le paysage publicitaire a consid\u00e9rablement chang\u00e9, les r\u00e9seaux sociaux jouant un r\u00f4le beaucoup plus important avec une structure de co\u00fbts tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9rente. <\/p>\n

Dans quelques semaines \u00e0 peine, les \u00e9lections f\u00e9d\u00e9rales auront lieu, et comme pour toutes les \u00e9lections, les enjeux sont consid\u00e9rables. Nous avons tous besoin d\u2019informations pour nous assurer que notre choix d\u00e9mocratique s\u2019exerce en toute connaissance de cause quant aux cons\u00e9quences potentielles. Ironiquement, il est de plus en plus difficile d\u2019obtenir des informations fiables \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e8re de l\u2019information. Nous sommes submerg\u00e9s par une telle quantit\u00e9 de donn\u00e9es et de contenus provenant d\u2019une telle vari\u00e9t\u00e9 de sources qu\u2019il peut \u00eatre difficile de distinguer ce qui est fiable de ce qui est suspect. Mais cela ne justifie pas de restreindre la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression en l\u2019absence de preuves convaincantes de la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019une telle mesure. Cela ne justifie certainement pas non plus d\u2019imposer des r\u00e8gles et des limites arbitraires qui ne reposent pas sur des faits clairement \u00e9tablis. <\/p>\n

Comme le montre le dernier article d\u2019\u00c9lections Canada, nos r\u00e8gles actuelles en mati\u00e8re de d\u00e9penses sont difficiles \u00e0 interpr\u00e9ter et, par cons\u00e9quent, difficiles \u00e0 respecter. Les limites semblent arbitraires et sont fix\u00e9es par des \u00e9lus qui pourraient avoir int\u00e9r\u00eat \u00e0 restreindre ce que les \u00ab tiers \u00bb peuvent dire pendant la p\u00e9riode \u00e9lectorale. Nous sommes peut-\u00eatre tous d\u2019accord pour dire que la campagne \u00e9lectorale explicite en faveur d\u2019un parti ou d\u2019un candidat donn\u00e9 devrait \u00eatre r\u00e9glement\u00e9e, mais lorsque l\u2019on int\u00e8gre la \u00ab d\u00e9fense d\u2019une cause \u00bb et que l\u2019on tente ensuite de d\u00e9terminer \u00e0 quel moment une cause devient partisane, la situation devient confuse. Comme l\u2019a dit un jour la Cour supr\u00eame des \u00c9tats-Unis, \u00ab ce qui s\u00e9pare la d\u00e9fense d\u2019une cause de la d\u00e9fense d\u2019une cause politique, c\u2019est une ligne trac\u00e9e dans le sable par temps de vent \u00bb.2 Si l\u2019avertissement lanc\u00e9 par \u00c9lections Canada aux groupes environnementaux donne une indication de l\u2019endroit o\u00f9 cette ligne pourrait \u00eatre trac\u00e9e, il semble que nous risquons de traverser une p\u00e9riode agit\u00e9e pendant cette campagne \u00e9lectorale. <\/p>\n

1. Harper c. Canada, 2004 CSC 3.
\n2. McConnell c. Commission \u00e9lectorale f\u00e9d\u00e9rale, 540 U.S. 93 (2003) et Commission \u00e9lectorale f\u00e9d\u00e9rale c. Wisconsin Right to Life, Inc., 551 U.S. 449 (2007).<\/p>\n

\u2013 Cara Zwibel, directrice du programme \u00ab Libert\u00e9s fondamentales \u00bb de l\u2019czwibel@aclc.org<\/i>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][nectar_global_section id=\u00a0\u00bb1461″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Une p\u00e9riode \u00e9lectorale est l’occasion d’encourager le d\u00e9bat et la discussion dans tous les milieux de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, et non de les \u00e9touffer. Or, c’est exactement ce qu’a fait \u00c9lections Canada en dissuadant les organismes caritatifs canadiens d’aborder le sujet du changement climatique. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":14768,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[268,344,267,280],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14767","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-droits-democratiques","category-financement-des-elections","category-libertes-fondamentales","category-publicite-politique"],"yoast_head":"\nUn climat hostile \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 d'expression en cette p\u00e9riode \u00e9lectorale - CCLA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ccla.org\/fr\/libertes-fondamentales\/droits-democratiques\/un-climat-hostile-a-la-liberte-dexpression-en-cette-periode-electorale\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Un climat hostile \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 d'expression en cette p\u00e9riode \u00e9lectorale - CCLA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Une p\u00e9riode \u00e9lectorale est l'occasion d'encourager le d\u00e9bat et la discussion dans tous les milieux de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, et non de les \u00e9touffer. 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