{"id":11237,"date":"2025-11-19T09:50:18","date_gmt":"2025-11-19T14:50:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ccla.org\/?p=11237"},"modified":"2025-11-20T21:59:12","modified_gmt":"2025-11-21T02:59:12","slug":"ccla-is-taking-its-case-to-the-quebec-court-of-appeal-to-defend-the-right-to-vote","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ccla.org\/fr\/libertes-fondamentales\/ccla-is-taking-its-case-to-the-quebec-court-of-appeal-to-defend-the-right-to-vote\/","title":{"rendered":"Adoption sous b\u00e2illon du projet de loi 2 : un jour sombre pour les libert\u00e9s fondamentales au Qu\u00e9bec"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Chaque citoyen a le droit constitutionnel de participer \u00e0 des \u00e9lections dans lesquelles son vote n\u2019est pas ind\u00fbment dilu\u00e9. L\u2019Association canadienne des libert\u00e9s civiles (ACLC) est devant la Cour d\u2019appel du Qu\u00e9bec ce matin pour d\u00e9fendre ce principe d\u00e9mocratique fondamental dans l'affaire Lalande c. PGQ<\/em>.<\/p>\n

En mai 2024, l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e nationale a interrompu le processus habituel de red\u00e9coupage des circonscriptions \u00e9lectorales par la Commission de la repr\u00e9sentation \u00e9lectorale au motif que la l\u00e9gislature souhaitait se donner du temps pour r\u00e9former les crit\u00e8res sur la base desquels la Commission effectue son travail. Ce processus de red\u00e9coupage, requis \u00e0 chaque seconde \u00e9lection en vertu de la Loi \u00e9lectorale<\/em>, vise notamment \u00e0 ce que le vote de certains citoyens ne soit pas ind\u00fbment dilu\u00e9 en raison de leur lieu de r\u00e9sidence.<\/p>\n

Ce gel de la carte \u00e9lectorale faisait suite \u00e0 la controverse d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par la recommandation pr\u00e9liminaire de la Commission de combiner les circonscriptions Bonaventure et Gasp\u00e9 afin de r\u00e9aligner le pouvoir de vote des citoyens qui y r\u00e9sident avec la moyenne provinciale. En pratique, ce gel emp\u00eache aussi la Commission de rem\u00e9dier \u00e0 la dilution observ\u00e9e du vote de citoyens r\u00e9sidant dans d\u2019autres circonscriptions du Qu\u00e9bec.<\/p>\n

Une coalition de citoyens r\u00e9sidant dans ces circonscriptions a contest\u00e9 le gel de la carte \u00e9lectorale. Devant la Cour, cette coalition a soutenu que l\u2019interruption des travaux de la Commission et la tenue des \u00e9lections de 2026 sans nouvelle carte \u00e9lectorale violent de mani\u00e8re d\u00e9raisonnable et injustifi\u00e9e leurs droits d\u00e9mocratiques prot\u00e9g\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019article 3 de la Charte canadienne des droits et libert\u00e9s<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Le 29 mai dernier, la Cour sup\u00e9rieure du Qu\u00e9bec a conclu que le gel de la carte \u00e9lectorale enfreint l\u2019article 3 de la Charte<\/em>, mais que cette atteinte est justifi\u00e9e dans le cadre d\u2019une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 libre et d\u00e9mocratique (test de l\u2019article 1er).<\/p>\n

Au stade de l\u2019analyse de l\u2019atteinte minimale de la mesure choisie au droit garanti, la Cour a reconnu l\u2019existence d\u2019au moins une alternative au gel de la carte \u00e9lectorale, mais a fait grand cas de l\u2019unanimit\u00e9 ayant entour\u00e9 la d\u00e9cision de l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e nationale d\u2019interrompre le processus de red\u00e9coupage. La Cour a \u00e9voqu\u00e9 l\u2019existence d\u2019une coutume parlementaire voulant que les lois \u00e9lectorales doivent faire l\u2019objet d\u2019un large consensus parmi les partis repr\u00e9sent\u00e9s et a conclu qu\u2019en l\u2019absence de preuve voulant que des alternatives possibles auraient g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 pareil consensus, le gel de la carte \u00e9lectorale satisfait au crit\u00e8re de l\u2019atteinte minimale. Ce faisant, la Cour sup\u00e9rieure s\u2019est retrouv\u00e9e \u00e0 renverser le fardeau de preuve habituellement applicable \u00e0 l\u2019analyse de l\u2019article 1er, puisqu\u2019elle a exig\u00e9 des demandeurs \u2013 et non de l\u2019\u00c9tat \u2013 qu\u2019ils administrent la preuve relative \u00e0 l\u2019atteinte minimale.<\/p>\n

La coalition de citoyens conteste devant la Cour d\u2019appel l\u2019analyse de l\u2019article 1er effectu\u00e9e par la Cour sup\u00e9rieure.<\/p>\n

L\u2019ACLC, intervenante en premi\u00e8re instance, intervient de nouveau en appel afin de souligner que le cadre d\u2019analyse fond\u00e9 sur l\u2019article premier de la Charte<\/em> n\u2019est pas moins exigeant en cas d\u2019atteinte aux droits d\u00e9mocratiques : au contraire, la jurisprudence requiert un examen rigoureux de la justification avanc\u00e9e par l\u2019\u00c9tat. Cet examen rigoureux des atteintes aux droits d\u00e9mocratiques se justifie par le fait que les \u00e9lus se trouvent, en mati\u00e8re \u00e9lectorale, dans un conflit d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eats structurel, qu\u2019il soit r\u00e9el ou apparent.<\/p>\n

L\u2019ACLC soumettra \u00e9galement \u00e0 la Cour d\u2019appel que le fait pour un tribunal de prendre en consid\u00e9ration le soutien politique d\u2019une mesure, incluant l\u2019unanimit\u00e9 des \u00e9lus, d\u00e9nature le crit\u00e8re de l\u2019atteinte minimale, ce qui n\u2019est pas plus acceptable pour les droits d\u00e9mocratiques que pour d\u2019autres droits prot\u00e9g\u00e9s par la Charte<\/em>.<\/p>\n

L'ACLC remercie Me Julien Boudreault, Patrick Plante et Filipe Costa de Borden Ladner Gervais S.E.N.C.R.L., s.r.l. pour leur excellente repr\u00e9sentation pro bono dans cette affaire.<\/p>\n

Vous pouvez consulter le m\u00e9moire de l\u2019ACLC ici<\/a>.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t

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\u00c0 propos de l\u2019association canadienne sur les libert\u00e9s civiles<\/h3>\n
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L\u2019ACLC est un organisme ind\u00e9pendant \u00e0 but non lucratif qui compte des sympathisant.e.s dans tout le pays. Fond\u00e9 en 1964, c\u2019est un organisme qui \u0153uvre \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle du Canada \u00e0 la protection des droits et des libert\u00e9s civiles de toute sa population.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Pour les m\u00e9dias<\/h3>\n
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Pour d'autres commentaires, veuillez nous contacter \u00e0\u00a0media@ccla.org<\/u><\/a>.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Pour les mises \u00e0 jour en direct<\/h3>\n
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Veuillez continuer \u00e0 vous r\u00e9f\u00e9rer \u00e0\u00a0cette page<\/a>\u00a0et \u00e0 nos plateformes de m\u00e9dias sociaux. On est dessus\u00a0Instagram<\/u><\/a>,\u00a0Facebook<\/u><\/a>, Twitter<\/u><\/a> et Ciel bleu<\/u><\/a>.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Chaque citoyen a le droit constitutionnel de participer \u00e0 des \u00e9lections o\u00f9 son vote n'est pas ind\u00fbment dilu\u00e9. L'Association canadienne des libert\u00e9s civiles (ACLC) est devant la Cour...","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":3952,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[79,31,111],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-11237","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-democratic-rights","8":"category-fundamental-freedoms","9":"category-voting-rights"},"yoast_head":"\nCCLA Defending the Right to Vote at the Quebec Court of Appeal - CCLA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Chaque citoyen a le droit constitutionnel de participer \u00e0 des \u00e9lections dans lesquelles son vote n\u2019est pas ind\u00fbment dilu\u00e9. L'ACLC est devant la Cour d\u2019appel du Qu\u00e9bec ce matin pour d\u00e9fendre ce principe d\u00e9mocratique fondamental dans l'affaire Lalande c. 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