{"id":10392,"date":"2025-05-30T13:34:16","date_gmt":"2025-05-30T17:34:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ccla.org\/?p=10392"},"modified":"2025-06-02T13:45:11","modified_gmt":"2025-06-02T17:45:11","slug":"ccla-reacts-to-quebec-superior-court-decision-upholding-freeze-on-provincial-electoral-map-until-next-election","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ccla.org\/fr\/libertes-fondamentales\/ccla-reacts-to-quebec-superior-court-decision-upholding-freeze-on-provincial-electoral-map-until-next-election\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019ACLC r\u00e9agit \u00e0 la d\u00e9cision de la Cour sup\u00e9rieure du Qu\u00e9bec maintenant le gel de la carte \u00e9lectorale provinciale jusqu\u2019aux prochaines \u00e9lections"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le 29 mai 2025, la Cour sup\u00e9rieure du Qu\u00e9bec a confirm\u00e9 la constitutionalit\u00e9 du gel de la carte \u00e9lectorale d\u00e9cr\u00e9t\u00e9 par l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e nationale en mai 2024. La Cour a conclu que pareil gel enfreint l\u2019article 3 de la Charte canadienne des droits et libert\u00e9s (\u00ab Charte \u00bb)<\/em>, mais que cette atteinte est justifi\u00e9e dans le cadre d\u2019une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 libre et d\u00e9mocratique (test de l\u2019article 1er).<\/p>\n

L\u2019Association canadienne des libert\u00e9s civiles (\u00ab ACLC \u00bb) est heureuse de constater que ce jugement avalise explicitement l\u2019un des arguments qu\u2019elle a avanc\u00e9s \u00e0 titre d\u2019intervenante, soit qu\u2019une loi qui interf\u00e8re avec un processus \u00e9tabli de red\u00e9coupage de la carte \u00e9lectorale sans en proposer un nouveau enfreint l\u2019article 3 de la Charte<\/em>. L\u2019ACLC est toutefois d\u00e9\u00e7ue de constater l\u2019importance que la Cour a accord\u00e9e, au stade du test de l\u2019article 1er, au fait que le gel de la carte \u00e9lectorale avait \u00e9t\u00e9 adopt\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019unanimit\u00e9 par l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e nationale.<\/p>\n

* * *<\/p>\n

En mai 2024, l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e nationale a interrompu le processus habituel de red\u00e9coupage des circonscriptions \u00e9lectorales par la Commission de la repr\u00e9sentation \u00e9lectorale (\u00ab Commission \u00bb) au motif que la l\u00e9gislature souhaitait se donner du temps pour r\u00e9former les crit\u00e8res sur la base desquels la Commission effectuerait son travail. Ce processus de red\u00e9coupage, requis \u00e0 chaque seconde \u00e9lection en vertu de la Loi \u00e9lectorale<\/em>, vise notamment \u00e0 ce que le vote de certains citoyens ne soit pas ind\u00fbment dilu\u00e9 en raison de leur lieu de r\u00e9sidence.<\/p>\n

Ce gel de la carte \u00e9lectorale faisait suite \u00e0 la controverse d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par la recommandation pr\u00e9liminaire de la Commission de combiner les circonscriptions Bonaventure et Gasp\u00e9 afin de r\u00e9aligner le pouvoir de vote des citoyens qui y r\u00e9sident avec la moyenne provinciale. En pratique, ce gel emp\u00eache aussi la Commission de rem\u00e9dier \u00e0 la dilution observ\u00e9e du vote de citoyens r\u00e9sidant dans d\u2019autres circonscriptions du Qu\u00e9bec.<\/p>\n

Une coalition de citoyens r\u00e9sidant dans ces circonscriptions a contest\u00e9 le gel de la carte \u00e9lectorale. Devant la Cour, cette coalition a soutenu que l\u2019interruption des travaux de la Commission et la tenue des \u00e9lections de 2026 sans nouvelle carte \u00e9lectorale violent de mani\u00e8re d\u00e9raisonnable et injustifi\u00e9e leurs droits d\u00e9mocratiques prot\u00e9g\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019article 3 de la Charte<\/em>.<\/p>\n

En ce qui a trait \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9valuation de l\u2019atteinte \u00e0 l\u2019article 3 de la Charte<\/em>, la Cour sup\u00e9rieure a reconnu l\u2019importance, dans une d\u00e9mocratie, du droit fondamental des citoyens de jouer un r\u00f4le significatif dans le processus \u00e9lectoral. Cette protection constitutionnelle inclut le droit \u00e0 une repr\u00e9sentation effective \u2013 un concept qui pr\u00e9voit non seulement une parit\u00e9 relative du pouvoir de vote peu importe la circonscription de r\u00e9sidence, mais aussi la prise en compte d\u2019autres facteurs, tels que la g\u00e9ographie, l\u2019histoire et les int\u00e9r\u00eats de la communaut\u00e9 et la repr\u00e9sentation des minorit\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

\u00c0 ce stade, la Cour s\u2019est int\u00e9ress\u00e9e au r\u00e9sultat<\/em> du gel de la carte \u00e9lectorale (c.-\u00e0-d. la dilution du vote des citoyens de certaines circonscription au-del\u00e0 de l\u2019\u00e9cart \u00e0 la moyenne tol\u00e9r\u00e9 par la Loi \u00e9lectorale<\/em>) ainsi qu\u2019au processus<\/em> suivi pour parvenir \u00e0 ce r\u00e9sultat. Quant \u00e0 ce dernier point, la Cour a accept\u00e9 l\u2019argumentaire de l\u2019ACLC voulant qu\u2019il y ait n\u00e9cessairement une atteinte \u00e0 l\u2019article 3 lorsqu\u2019une loi interf\u00e8re avec le processus de red\u00e9coupage \u00e9tabli sans en proposer un nouveau.<\/p>\n

La Cour sup\u00e9rieure a toutefois conclu que cette atteinte \u00e0 l\u2019article 3 \u00e9tait justifi\u00e9e par l\u2019article 1er de la Charte<\/em>, notamment vu l\u2019existence d\u2019un lien rationnel entre le gel de la carte \u00e9lectorale et l\u2019objectif poursuivi par l\u2019\u00c9tat. Cet objectif a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9fini comme celui de pr\u00e9server les voix des r\u00e9gions en d\u00e9clin d\u00e9mographique et de donner au l\u00e9gislateur un temps de r\u00e9flexion pour mener un d\u00e9bat de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 quant aux crit\u00e8res de d\u00e9coupage de la carte \u00e9lectorale.<\/p>\n

Au stade de l\u2019analyse de l\u2019atteinte minimale de la mesure choisie au droit garanti, la Cour a reconnu l\u2019existence d\u2019au moins une alternative au gel de la carte \u00e9lectorale, mais a fait grand cas de l\u2019unanimit\u00e9 ayant entour\u00e9 la d\u00e9cision de l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e nationale d\u2019interrompre le processus de red\u00e9coupage. La Cour a \u00e9voqu\u00e9 l\u2019existence d\u2019une coutume parlementaire voulant que les lois \u00e9lectorales doivent faire l\u2019objet d\u2019un large consensus parmi les partis repr\u00e9sent\u00e9s et a conclu qu\u2019en l\u2019absence de preuve voulant que des alternatives possibles auraient g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 pareil consensus, le gel de la carte \u00e9lectorale satisfait au crit\u00e8re de l\u2019atteinte minimale.<\/p>\n

Ce faisant, la Cour sup\u00e9rieure s\u2019est retrouv\u00e9e \u00e0 renverser le fardeau de preuve habituellement applicable \u00e0 l\u2019analyse de l\u2019article 1er, puisqu\u2019elle a exig\u00e9 des demandeurs \u2013 et non de l\u2019\u00c9tat \u2013 qu\u2019ils administrent la preuve relative \u00e0 l\u2019atteinte minimale. Aussi, la Cour a \u00e9cart\u00e9 ou tout simplement ignor\u00e9 plusieurs alternatives disponibles qui auraient pu \u00eatre moins attentatoires aux droits des demandeurs, telles que la poursuite du travail de la Commission, l\u2019ajout de si\u00e8ges, ou l\u2019octroi d\u2019un statut particulier \u00e0 la Gasp\u00e9sie. Ces options auraient pu \u00eatre adopt\u00e9es de fa\u00e7on temporaire et revisit\u00e9es dans le cadre de la r\u00e9forme plus large \u00e0 laquelle l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e nationale souhaite s\u2019attaquer apr\u00e8s les prochaines \u00e9lections.<\/p>\n

\u00c0 la derni\u00e8re \u00e9tape du test, la Cour a conclu que les b\u00e9n\u00e9fices du gel l\u2019emportent sur ses effets n\u00e9fastes. La Cour a motiv\u00e9 l\u2019essentiel de cette conclusion en indiquant que les importants effets n\u00e9fastes de la mesure sur les demandeurs \u2013 la dilution de leur droit de vote \u2013 ne seraient que temporaires, puisque le gel de la carte \u00e9lectorale n\u2019est valide que pour la prochaine \u00e9lection. En contrepartie, la Cour a not\u00e9 l\u2019importance accord\u00e9e par le l\u00e9gislateur aux effets favorables de la mesure, soit le fait de pr\u00e9server la circonscription dans la Gasp\u00e9sie. Or, certaines alternatives au gel de la carte \u00e9lectorale auraient pu permettre de pr\u00e9server les int\u00e9r\u00eats de la Gasp\u00e9sie sans porter atteinte \u00e0 ceux des demandeurs, ou encore de ne porter atteinte que de fa\u00e7on temporaire aux int\u00e9r\u00eats des r\u00e9sidents de la Gasp\u00e9sie.<\/p>\n

Dans le r\u00e9cent arr\u00eat Working Families<\/em>, la Cour supr\u00eame du Canada rappel\u00e9 que les tribunaux doivent examiner de plus pr\u00e8s le choix du l\u00e9gislateur dans les cas o\u00f9 les droits au c\u0153ur de notre d\u00e9mocratie \u2013 tels que ceux garantis \u00e0 l\u2019article 3 \u2013 sont en jeu. L\u2019unanimit\u00e9 de la mesure adopt\u00e9e par l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e nationale semble avoir men\u00e9 la Cour sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 faire preuve, au contraire, d\u2019une d\u00e9f\u00e9rence exag\u00e9r\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard du l\u00e9gislateur. Pareille approche soul\u00e8ve des questions, particuli\u00e8rement vu le conflit d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eats structurel dans lequel les partis \u00e9lus se retrouvent d\u00e8s lors qu\u2019ils adoptent des lois \u00e0 teneur \u00e9lectorale.<\/p>\n

L'ACLC remercie Me Julien Boudreault, Patrick Plante et Filipe Costa de Borden Ladner Gervais S.E.N.C.R.L., s.r.l. pour leur excellente repr\u00e9sentation pro bono dans cette affaire.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le 29 mai 2025, la Cour sup\u00e9rieure du Qu\u00e9bec a confirm\u00e9 la constitutionnalit\u00e9 du gel de la carte \u00e9lectorale provinciale adopt\u00e9 par l'Assembl\u00e9e nationale en mai 2024. La Cour a estim\u00e9 que...<\/p>","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":348,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[79,31],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-10392","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-democratic-rights","8":"category-fundamental-freedoms"},"yoast_head":"\nCCLA Reacts to Quebec Superior Court Decision Upholding Freeze on Provincial Electoral Map Until Next Election - CCLA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le 29 mai 2025, la Cour sup\u00e9rieure du Qu\u00e9bec a confirm\u00e9 la constitutionalit\u00e9 du gel de la carte \u00e9lectorale d\u00e9cr\u00e9t\u00e9 par l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e nationale en mai 2024. La Cour a conclu que pareil gel enfreint l\u2019article 3 de la Charte canadienne des droits et libert\u00e9s, mais que cette atteinte est justifi\u00e9e dans le cadre d\u2019une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 libre et d\u00e9mocratique.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ccla.org\/fr\/libertes-fondamentales\/ccla-reacts-to-quebec-superior-court-decision-upholding-freeze-on-provincial-electoral-map-until-next-election\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_CA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"CCLA Reacts to Quebec Superior Court Decision Upholding Freeze on Provincial Electoral Map Until Next Election - CCLA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le 29 mai 2025, la Cour sup\u00e9rieure du Qu\u00e9bec a confirm\u00e9 la constitutionalit\u00e9 du gel de la carte \u00e9lectorale d\u00e9cr\u00e9t\u00e9 par l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e nationale en mai 2024. La Cour a conclu que pareil gel enfreint l\u2019article 3 de la Charte canadienne des droits et libert\u00e9s, mais que cette atteinte est justifi\u00e9e dans le cadre d\u2019une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 libre et d\u00e9mocratique.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ccla.org\/fr\/libertes-fondamentales\/ccla-reacts-to-quebec-superior-court-decision-upholding-freeze-on-provincial-electoral-map-until-next-election\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"CCLA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-05-30T17:34:16+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-06-02T17:45:11+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ccla.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/judge-gavel-on-law-books-wooden-desk_1920-e1620087954817.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1180\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1012\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Ana\u00efs Bussi\u00e8res McNicoll\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Ana\u00efs Bussi\u00e8res McNicoll\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimation du temps de lecture\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ccla.org\/fundamental-freedoms\/ccla-reacts-to-quebec-superior-court-decision-upholding-freeze-on-provincial-electoral-map-until-next-election\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ccla.org\/fundamental-freedoms\/ccla-reacts-to-quebec-superior-court-decision-upholding-freeze-on-provincial-electoral-map-until-next-election\/\",\"name\":\"CCLA Reacts to Quebec Superior Court Decision Upholding Freeze on Provincial Electoral Map Until Next Election - CCLA\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ccla.org\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ccla.org\/fundamental-freedoms\/ccla-reacts-to-quebec-superior-court-decision-upholding-freeze-on-provincial-electoral-map-until-next-election\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ccla.org\/fundamental-freedoms\/ccla-reacts-to-quebec-superior-court-decision-upholding-freeze-on-provincial-electoral-map-until-next-election\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/ccla.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/judge-gavel-on-law-books-wooden-desk_1920-e1620087954817.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-05-30T17:34:16+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-06-02T17:45:11+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ccla.org\/#\/schema\/person\/b9c667f8c5a20d41995d5d373dba5b92\"},\"description\":\"Le 29 mai 2025, la Cour sup\u00e9rieure du Qu\u00e9bec a confirm\u00e9 la constitutionalit\u00e9 du gel de la carte \u00e9lectorale d\u00e9cr\u00e9t\u00e9 par l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e nationale en mai 2024. 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